Ochwepheshe be-AI baxoxa ngendlela yokuhlanganisa i-AI eqinile ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, ukuthi kungani ukubambisana kwemikhakha ehlukahlukene kubalulekile, kanye nekhono le-AI yokukhiqiza ocwaningweni.
UFeifei Li noLloyd Minor banikeze amazwi okuqala engqungqutheleni yokuqala ye-RAISE Health eStanford University School of Medicine ngoMeyi 14. USteve Fish
Iningi labantu abathunjwe ubuhlakani bokwenziwa liye laba nohlobo oluthile lwesikhathi "soku-aha", livula izingqondo zalo ezweni lamathuba. Engqungqutheleni yokuqala ye-RAISE Health ngomhlaka-14 Meyi, uLloyd Minor, MD, umphathi weStanford University School of Medicine kanye nephini likamongameli wezindaba zezokwelapha eStanford University, wabelane ngombono wakhe.
Lapho omunye osemusha onelukuluku ecelwa ukuba afingqe lokho akutholile mayelana nendlebe yangaphakathi, waphendukela ekuhlakanipheni kokwenziwa kokukhiqiza. “Ngabuza, ‘Kuyini i-superior canal dehiscence syndrome?’ UMinor utshele abahlanganyeli abacishe babe ngu-4,000 be-symposium. Ngemizuzwana embalwa, kwavela izigaba eziningana.
“Zinhle, zinhle impela,” esho. “Ukuthi lolu lwazi luhlanganiswe lwaba incazelo emfushane, enembile futhi ecacile yesifo. Lokhu kuyamangalisa impela.”
Abaningi babelana ngenjabulo kaMinor ngomcimbi wesigamu sosuku, okwakuwumphumela wohlelo lwe-RAISE Health, iphrojekthi eyasungulwa yiStanford University School of Medicine kanye neStanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI) ukuqondisa ukusetshenziswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa ngendlela efanele ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha, emfundweni, nasekunakekelweni kweziguli. Izikhulumi zihlole ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukusebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kwezokwelapha ngendlela engeyona nje ewusizo kodokotela nakososayensi, kodwa futhi esobala, enobulungiswa futhi elinganayo ezigulini.
“Sikholelwa ukuthi lobu ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisa amakhono abantu,” kusho uFei-Fei Li, uprofesa wesayensi yamakhompyutha eStanford School of Engineering, umqondisi we-RAISE Health nephrojekthi ye-Minor kanye nomqondisi-mxhumanisi we-HAI. Isizukulwane ngesizukulwane, ubuchwepheshe obusha bungavela: kusukela ekulandelaneni okusha kwama-molecule kwama-antibiotic kuya ekudwebeni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokwembula izingxenye ezifihliwe zebhayoloji eyisisekelo, i-AI isheshisa ukutholakala kwesayensi. Kodwa akuzona zonke lezi zinto ezizuzisayo. “Zonke lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zingaba nemiphumela engahlosiwe, futhi sidinga ososayensi bamakhompyutha abathuthukisa futhi basebenzise [ubuhlakani bokwenziwa] ngokuzibophezela, besebenzisana nabathintekayo abahlukahlukene, kusukela kodokotela kanye nochwepheshe bezokuziphatha… kuya kochwepheshe bezokuphepha nangale kwalokho,” kusho yena. “Izinyathelo ezifana ne-RAISE Health zibonisa ukuzibophezela kwethu kulokhu.”
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezigaba ezintathu zeStanford Medicine—iSikole Sezokwelapha, iStanford Health Care kanye neStanford University School of Child Health Medicine—kanye nokuxhumana kwayo nezinye izingxenye zeStanford University kubeke esimweni lapho ochwepheshe bebhekene nokuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa. izindaba zokuphatha kanye nokuhlanganiswa emkhakheni wezempilo kanye nezokwelapha. Ingoma ithi.
“Sisesimweni esihle sokuba yiphayona ekuthuthukisweni nasekusetshenzisweni okunesibopho kobuhlakani bokwenziwa, kusukela ekutholakaleni okuyisisekelo kwezinto eziphilayo kuya ekuthuthukiseni intuthuko yezidakamizwa nokwenza izinqubo zokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha zisebenze kahle kakhudlwana, kuze kube sekuhlinzekweni kwezinsizakalo zezempilo. Indlela uhlelo lwezempilo oluhlelwe ngayo,” esho.
Izikhulumi eziningana zigcizelele umqondo olula: ukugxila kumsebenzisi (kulokhu, isiguli noma udokotela) bese konke okunye kuzolandela. “Kubeka isiguli esiyinhloko kukho konke esikwenzayo,” kusho uDkt. Lisa Lehmann, umqondisi we-bioethics eBrigham and Women's Hospital. “Kudingeka sicabangele izidingo zabo kanye nezinto eziza kuqala.”
Kusukela kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla: Umsakazi we-STAT News uMohana Ravindranath; uJessica Peter Lee we-Microsoft Research; uSylvia Plevritis, uprofesa wesayensi yedatha yezokwelapha, uxoxa ngendima yobuhlakani bokwenziwa ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha.
Izikhulumi ezazisephaneli, ezazihlanganisa uLehmann, isazi sezokwelapha sezokwelapha saseStanford University uMildred Cho, MD, kanye nesikhulu sezokwelapha i-Google uMichael Howell, MD, baphawule ubunzima bezinhlelo zezibhedlela, bagcizelela isidingo sokuqonda injongo yazo ngaphambi kokungenelela. Zisebenzise futhi uqinisekise ukuthi zonke izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe ziyabandakanya futhi ulalele abantu eziklanyelwe ukubasiza.
Isihluthulelo esisodwa ukucaca: kwenza kucace ukuthi idatha esetshenziswa ukuqeqesha i-algorithm ivelaphi, ukuthi iyini injongo yokuqala ye-algorithm, nokuthi idatha yesiguli yesikhathi esizayo izoqhubeka yini ukusiza i-algorithm ukuthi ifunde, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
“Ukuzama ukubikezela izinkinga zokuziphatha ngaphambi kokuba zibe zimbi kakhulu [kusho] ukuthola indawo efanelekile lapho wazi khona ngokwanele ngobuchwepheshe ukuze ube nokuzethemba okuthile kubo, kodwa hhayi ngaphambi kokuba [inkinga] isakazeke kakhulu futhi uyixazulule ngokushesha.” , kusho uDenton Char. Umuntu ozongenela ukhetho lweSayensi Yezokwelapha, uSolwazi Ohlangene woMnyango Wezokwelapha Izifo Zokubulala Izinzwa Zezingane, Imithi Yokuhlinzwa kanye Nemithi Yobuhlungu. Isinyathelo esisodwa esibalulekile, uthi, ukuhlonza bonke abathintekayo abangase bathintwe ubuchwepheshe kanye nokunquma ukuthi bona ngokwabo bangathanda ukuphendula kanjani leyo mibuzo.
UJesse Ehrenfeld, MD, umongameli we-American Medical Association, uxoxa ngezinto ezine ezishukumisa ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yiliphi ithuluzi lezempilo ledijithali, okuhlanganisa nalezo ezisebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa. Ingabe liyasebenza? Ingabe lokhu kuzosebenza esikhungweni sami? Ngubani okhokhayo? Ngubani onesibopho?
UMichael Pfeffer, MD, isikhulu solwazi esiyinhloko seStanford Health Care, ucaphune isibonelo samuva nje lapho izinkinga eziningi zihlolwe khona phakathi kwabahlengikazi ezibhedlela zaseStanford. Odokotela basekelwa amamodeli amakhulu olimi anikeza izincazelo zokuqala zemiyalezo engenayo yeziguli. Nakuba lo msebenzi ungaphelele, odokotela abasize ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe babika ukuthi lo modeli wehlisa umthwalo wabo womsebenzi.
"Sihlala sigxila ezintweni ezintathu ezibalulekile: ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle kanye nokubandakanya. Singodokotela. Sifunga ukuthi "asizukulimaza," kusho uNina Vasan, MD, uprofesa osizayo wezokwelapha wezifo zengqondo kanye nesayensi yokuziphatha, ojoyine uChar noPfeffer bajoyina iqembu. "Lena kufanele ibe yindlela yokuqala yokuhlola la mathuluzi."
UNigam Shah, MBBS, Ph.D., uSolwazi Wezokwelapha kanye Nesayensi Yedatha Yezokwelapha, uqale ingxoxo ngezibalo ezishaqisayo naphezu kwesixwayiso esifanele ezilalelini. “Ngikhuluma ngamagama ajwayelekile nangezinombolo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zivame ukuba ngqo kakhulu,” kusho yena.
Ngokusho kukaShah, impumelelo ye-AI incike ekhonweni lethu lokuyikhulisa. “Ukwenza ucwaningo lwesayensi olufanele ngemodeli kuthatha iminyaka engaba yi-10, futhi uma zonke izinhlelo ze-fellowship kanye ne-residency ezingu-123 zifuna ukuhlola nokuthumela imodeli kulelo zinga lokuqina, kungaba nzima kakhulu ukwenza isayensi efanele njengoba sihlela imizamo yethu futhi [sivivinya] njengamanje. Kungabiza amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-138 ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingosi zethu zisebenza kahle,” kusho uShah. “Asikwazi ukukhokhela lokhu. Ngakho-ke sidinga ukuthola indlela yokukhula, futhi sidinga ukwandisa nokwenza isayensi enhle. Amakhono okuqina asendaweni eyodwa kanti amakhono okukhulisa akwenye indawo, ngakho-ke sizodinga lolo hlobo lobambiswano.”
UDean ohlangene uYuan Ashley noMildred Cho (Abamukelayo) babe khona e-RAISE Health Workshop. USteve Fish
Ezinye izikhulumi kule ngqungquthela zithe lokhu kungafezwa ngokubambisana komphakathi nezizimele, njenge-White House Executive Order yakamuva mayelana ne-Secure, Secure and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence kanye ne-Consortium for Healthcare Artificial Intelligence (CHAI).
“Ubudlelwano bukahulumeni nobangasese obunamandla amakhulu buphakathi kwezemfundo ephakeme, umkhakha ozimele kanye nomkhakha kahulumeni,” kusho uLaura Adams, umeluleki omkhulu we-National Academy of Medicine. Uphawule ukuthi uhulumeni angaqinisekisa ukwethenjwa komphakathi, kanye nezikhungo zezokwelapha zezemfundo zinganikeza ubuqiniso, kanye nobuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe kanye nesikhathi sekhompyutha kunganikezwa umkhakha ozimele. “Sonke singcono kunanoma ubani kithi, futhi siyaqaphela ukuthi… asikwazi ukuthandaza ukuze siqaphele amandla [obuhlakani bokwenziwa] ngaphandle kokuthi siqonde ukuthi singasebenzisana kanjani.”
Izikhulumi eziningana zithi i-AI nayo inomthelela ocwaningweni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ososayensi bayayisebenzisa ukuhlola imfundiso yezinto eziphilayo, ukubikezela ukulandelana okusha kanye nezakhiwo zama-molecule okwenziwa ukuze basekele ukwelashwa okusha, noma ngisho nokubasiza bafingqe noma babhale amaphepha esayensi.
“Leli yithuba lokubona okungaziwa,” kusho uJessica Mega, MD, udokotela wezifo zenhliziyo eStanford University School of Medicine kanye nomsunguli we-Alphabet's Verily. UMega ukhulume nge-hyperspectral imaging, ethwebula izici zesithombe ezingabonakali ngeso lomuntu. Umqondo uwukusebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuthola amaphethini kuma-pathology slides abantu abangawaboni abonisa isifo. “Ngikhuthaza abantu ukuthi bamukele okungaziwa. Ngicabanga ukuthi wonke umuntu lapha uyazi umuntu onesimo esithile sezokwelapha odinga okuthile okungaphezu kwalokho esingakunikeza namuhla,” kusho uMejia.
Abahleli bephaneli bavumile nokuthi izinhlelo zobuhlakani bokwenziwa zizohlinzeka ngezindlela ezintsha zokuhlonza nokulwa nokwenza izinqumo ezichemile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zenziwa ngabantu noma ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye nekhono lokuhlonza umthombo wobandlululo.
“Impilo ingaphezu nje kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha,” kuvuma izikhulumi eziningana. Izikhulumi zigcizelele ukuthi abacwaningi bavame ukunganaki izinto ezibangela impilo emphakathini, njengesimo sezenhlalo nezomnotho, ikhodi yeposi, izinga lemfundo, kanye nohlanga nobuzwe, lapho beqoqa idatha ehlanganisayo futhi beqasha ababambiqhaza ezifundweni. “I-AI isebenza kahle kuphela njengedatha lapho imodeli iqeqeshwe khona,” kusho uMichelle Williams, uprofesa we-epidemiology eHarvard University kanye noprofesa ohlangene we-epidemiology kanye nempilo yabantu eStanford University School of Medicine. “Uma senza lokho esilwela ukukwenza, sithuthukise imiphumela yezempilo futhi siqede ukungalingani, kumelwe siqinisekise ukuthi siqoqa idatha esezingeni eliphezulu ngokuziphatha kwabantu kanye nendawo ezungezile yomphakathi neyemvelo.”
UNatalie Pageler, MD, uprofesa wezokwelapha wezingane kanye nezokwelapha, uthe idatha yomdlavuza ehlanganisiwe ivame ukukhipha idatha yabesifazane abakhulelwe, okudala ukucwasa okungenakugwenywa kumamodeli futhi kwandise ukungalingani okukhona ekunakekelweni kwezempilo.
UDkt. David Magnus, uprofesa wezifo zezingane kanye nezokwelapha, uthe njenganoma yiluphi ubuchwepheshe obusha, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bungenza izinto zibe ngcono ngezindlela eziningi noma buzenze zibe zimbi kakhulu. UMagnus uthe ingozi ukuthi izinhlelo zobuhlakani bokwenziwa zizofunda ngemiphumela yezempilo engalingani eqhutshwa yizinto ezibangela impilo emphakathini futhi ziqinise leyo miphumela ngomphumela wazo. “Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buyisibuko esibonisa umphakathi esiphila kuwo,” esho. “Ngithemba ukuthi njalo lapho sithola ithuba lokukhanyisa udaba—ukuphakamisa isibuko kithi—kuzosebenza njengesisusa sokuthuthukisa isimo.”
Uma ungakwazanga ukuya emhlanganweni we-RAISE Health, ukuqoshwa kweseshini kungatholakala lapha.
I-Stanford University School of Medicine iyisistimu yokunakekelwa kwempilo yezemfundo ehlanganisiwe equkethe i-Stanford University School of Medicine kanye nezinhlelo zokulethwa kwezempilo zabantu abadala nezingane. Ndawonye baqaphela amandla aphelele e-biomedicine ngocwaningo olubambisene, imfundo kanye nokunakekelwa kweziguli zezokwelapha. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, vakashela i-med.stanford.edu.
Imodeli entsha yobuhlakani bokwenziwa isiza odokotela nabahlengikazi eStanford Hospital ukuthi basebenzisane ukuthuthukisa ukunakekelwa kweziguli.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-19-2024