ETennessee nakwamanye amazwe amaningi agcina imithetho eqinile ezweni, imithetho emisha ephikisana nenkolelo-mbono yobuhlanga ebucayi ithinta izinqumo ezincane kodwa ezibalulekile othisha abazenzayo nsuku zonke.
Bhalisela iphephandaba lansuku zonke lamahhala laseChalkbeat Tennessee ukuze uhlale usesikhathini ngezikole zaseMemphis-Shelby County kanye nenqubomgomo yemfundo kahulumeni.
Inhlangano enkulu kunazo zonke yothisha eTennessee ijoyine othisha bezikole zomphakathi abahlanu ecaleni eliphikisana nomthetho wesifundazwe weminyaka emibili owawuvimbela lokho abangakufundisa ngohlanga, ubulili kanye nokucwaswa ekilasini.
Icala labo, elifakwe ngoLwesibili ebusuku enkantolo kahulumeni yaseNashville ngabameli be-Tennessee Education Association, lithi amagama omthetho ka-2021 awacacile futhi awahambisani nomthethosisekelo futhi uhlelo lokuphoqelela umthetho lukahulumeni lusekelwe kulokho okucatshangwayo.
Isikhalazo siphinde sithi imithetho yaseTennessee ebizwa ngokuthi “imiqondo enqatshelwe” iphazamisa ukufundiswa kwezihloko ezinzima kodwa ezibalulekile ezifakiwe ezindinganisweni zemfundo zesifundazwe. Lezi zindinganiso zibeka imigomo yokufunda evunyiwe nguhulumeni eqondisa ezinye izinqumo zekharikhulamu kanye nezivivinyo.
Leli cala liyisinyathelo sokuqala sezomthetho ngokumelene nomthetho wesifundazwe ophikisanayo, owokuqala wohlobo lwawo ezweni lonke. Lo mthetho waphasiswa phakathi kokugxekwa okuvela kuma-conservative ngokumelene nokucindezelwa kweMelika kobandlululo ngemuva kokubulawa kukaGeorge Floyd ngo-2020 yiphoyisa elimhlophe eMinneapolis kanye nemibhikisho yokulwa nobandlululo eyalandela.
Ummeli we-Oak Ridge uJohn Ragan, omunye wabaxhasi bomthethosivivinywa wamaRiphabhulikhi, uphikise ngokuthi lo mthetho uyadingeka ukuvikela abafundi be-K-12 kulokho yena nabanye abenzi bomthetho abakubona njengemibono yezenhlalo edukisayo nehlukanisayo ngocansi, njengenkolelo-mbono yobuhlanga ebucayi. . Ucwaningo lothisha lubonisa ukuthi lesi sisekelo sezemfundo asifundiswa ezikoleni ze-K-12, kodwa sivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu emfundweni ephakeme ukuhlola ukuthi ezombusazwe kanye nomthetho kukhuthaza kanjani ubandlululo oluhlelekile.
IsiShayamthetho saseTennessee esilawulwa yiRiphabhulikhi sawudlulisa ngamandla lo mthethosivivinywa ezinsukwini zokugcina zeseshini ka-2021, ezinsukwini ngemuva kokwethulwa kwawo. URhuluneli uBill Lee washeshe wawusayina waba ngumthetho, kwathi kamuva ngalowo nyaka uMnyango Wezemfundo wesifundazwe wabhala imithetho yokuwusebenzisa. Uma kutholakala ukwephulwa komthetho, othisha bangase balahlekelwe amalayisense abo kanti izifunda zesikole zingase zilahlekelwe yimali yomphakathi.
Eminyakeni emibili yokuqala, umthetho wawusebenza, kunezikhalazo ezimbalwa kuphela futhi kungekho zinhlawulo. Kodwa uRagan wethule umthetho omusha owandisa iqembu labantu abangafaka izikhalazo.
Isikhalazo sithi umthetho awunikezi othisha baseTennessee ithuba elifanele lokufunda ukuthi yikuphi ukuziphatha nokufundisa okuvinjelwe.
“Othisha bakule ndawo engaqondakali lapho singazi khona ukuthi yini esingayenza noma esingenakuyenza noma esiyishoyo ekilasini,” kusho uKatherine Vaughn, uthisha osemnkantsh’ ubomvu waseTipton County eduze kwaseMemphis futhi ongomunye wabamangali bothisha abahlanu.” Kulokhu.
“Ukuqaliswa komthetho — kusukela ebuholini kuya ekuqeqeshweni — akukho nhlobo,” kusho uVaughn. “Lokhu kubeka othisha esimeni esinzima.”
Icala liphinde lithi umthetho ukhuthaza ukuphoqelelwa okungahleliwe nokubandlulula futhi wephula iSichibiyelo Seshumi Nane soMthethosisekelo wase-US, esivimbela noma yiliphi izwe “ukwephuca noma yimuphi umuntu impilo, inkululeko, noma impahla ngaphandle kwenqubo efanele yomthetho.”
“Umthetho udinga ukucaca,” kusho uTanya Coates, umongameli we-TEA, iqembu lothisha elihola icala.
Uthe othisha bachitha “amahora amaningi” bezama ukuqonda imiqondo eyi-14 engekho emthethweni futhi esekilasini, okuhlanganisa nokuthi iMelika “inobandlululo noma ibandlulula ngokobulili”; “ithatha umthwalo wemfanelo” ngezenzo zangaphambilini zabanye abantu bohlanga olufanayo noma ubulili ngenxa yohlanga lwabo noma ubulili.
Ukungacaci kwala magama kube nomthelela othusayo ezikoleni, kusukela endleleni othisha abaphendula ngayo imibuzo yabafundi kuya ezintweni abazifunda ekilasini, kubika i-TEA. Ukuze bagweme izikhalazo ezidla isikhathi kanye nengozi yezinhlawulo ezingase zivele kuhulumeni, abaholi bezikole benze izinguquko ekufundiseni nasemisebenzini yesikole. Kodwa ekugcineni, uCoats uthi ngabafundi abahluphekayo.
“Lo mthetho uvimbela umsebenzi wothisha baseTennessee ekuhlinzekeni abafundi ngemfundo ephelele, esekelwe ebufakazini,” kusho uCoates esitatimendeni sabezindaba.
Icala elinamakhasi angu-52 linikeza izibonelo ezithile zendlela ukuvinjelwa okuthinta ngayo lokho abafundi bezikole zomphakathi baseTennessee abacishe babe yisigidi abakufundayo futhi abangakufundi nsuku zonke.
"E-Tipton County, isibonelo, isikole sishintshe uhambo lwaso lwaminyaka yonke oluya eNational Civil Rights Museum eMemphis ukuyobuka umdlalo we-baseball. E-Shelby County, umqeqeshi wekwaya oye wafundisa abafundi amashumi eminyaka ukucula nokuqonda indaba engemuva kwamaculo abawaculayo uzobhekwa njengabantu abayizigqila." ukuhlukana noma ukwephulwa komthetho wokuvinjelwa," kusho icala. Ezinye izifunda zesikole zisuse izincwadi ohlelweni lwazo lwezifundo ngenxa yomthetho.
Ihhovisi likaMbusi alivamile ukuphawula ngamacala asalindile, kodwa okhulumela uLee Jed Byers ukhiphe isitatimende ngoLwesithathu mayelana necala: “UMbusi usayine lo mthethosivivinywa ngoba wonke umzali kufanele abe nesibopho semfundo yengane yakhe. Yibani neqiniso, bafundi baseTennessee. umlando kanye nezenhlalo kufanele kufundiswe ngokusekelwe emaqinisweni hhayi ekuphawuleni kwezepolitiki okuhlukanisayo.”
ITennessee yayingenye yezifundazwe zokuqala ukudlulisa imithetho yokunciphisa ukujula kwengxoxo yekilasi ngemibono efana nokungalingani kanye nelungelo labamhlophe.
NgoMashi, uMnyango Wezemfundo waseTennessee wabika ukuthi zimbalwa izikhalazo ezifakwe ezifundeni zesikole zasendaweni njengoba kudingeka ngokomthetho. I-ejensi yathola izikhalo ezimbalwa kuphela ngokumelene nezinqumo zasendaweni.
Enye yayivela kumzali womfundi wesikole sangasese eDavidson County. Ngenxa yokuthi umthetho awusebenzi ezikoleni zangasese, umnyango unqume ukuthi abazali abanalo ilungelo lokudlulisa icala ngaphansi komthetho.
Esinye isikhalazo safakwa ngumzali waseBlount County maqondana ne-Wings of the Dragon, inoveli elandiswa ngokombono womfana waseShayina owayefuduka ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Umbuso wasichitha lesi sikhalazo ngokusekelwe kokutholakele kwawo.
Kodwa-ke, izikole zaseBlount County zisasusile incwadi ohlelweni lwezifundo lwebanga lesithupha. Leli cala lichaza umonakalo ongokomzwelo icala eliwubangele kumfundisi oneminyaka engu-45 ubudala owayesenesikhathi eside “ehlazekile yizinyanga zecala lokuphatha ngesikhalazo somzali oyedwa mayelana nencwadi yentsha ewine imiklomelo.” Umsebenzi wakhe othi “In Danger” uvunyelwe yiMnyango weTennessee. imfundo futhi wamukelwa yibhodi yesikole sendawo njengengxenye yohlelo lwezifundo lwesifunda.
Umnyango wenqabile futhi ukuphenya isikhalazo esifakwe yiWilliamson County, eningizimu yeNashville, ngemuva nje kokuphasiswa komthetho. URobin Steenman, umongameli wendawo weFreedom Moms, uthe uhlelo lokufunda nokubhala lweWit and Wisdom olusetshenziswa yizikole zaseWilliamson County ngo-2020-21 "lunecebo elinobandlululo olukhulu" elibangela ukuthi izingane "zizonde izwe lazo futhi zizonde zodwa" nabanye.
Okhulumela umnyango uthe umnyango ugunyaziwe kuphela ukuphenya izimangalo kusukela ngonyaka wesikole ka-2021-22 futhi wakhuthaza uStillman ukuthi asebenzisane nezikole zaseWilliamson County ukuxazulula izinkinga zakhe.
Izikhulu zoMnyango aziphendulanga ngokushesha ngoLwesithathu lapho zibuzwa ukuthi ngabe umbuso usuthole ezinye izikhalazo ezinyangeni ezisanda kwedlula.
Ngaphansi kwenqubomgomo yesifundazwe yamanje, abafundi, abazali, noma abasebenzi besifunda sesikole noma isikole esiqashiwe kuphela abangafaka isikhalazo mayelana nesikole sabo. Umthethosivivinywa waseRagan, oxhaswe yiSenator Joey Hensley, eHornwald, uzovumela noma yimuphi umhlali wesifunda sesikole ukuthi afake isikhalazo.
Kodwa abagxeki bathi ushintsho olunjalo luzovula ithuba lokuthi amaqembu alondolozayo njengoMama beLiberal akhononde emabhodini ezikole endawo ngokufundisa, izincwadi noma izinto abakholelwa ukuthi zephula umthetho, noma ngabe azihlobene ngqo nezikole. Uthisha noma isikole esiyinkinga.
UMthetho Wokuvimbela Ukufundwa uhlukile kuMthetho waseTennessee ka-2022, osekelwe ezinqumweni zebhodi lesikole sendawo, onika ikhomishini yesifundazwe amandla okuvimbela izincwadi emitatsheni yezikole esifundazweni sonke uma bezibona “zingafanele iminyaka noma izinga lokuvuthwa komfundi.”
Inothi Lomhleli: Lesi sihloko sibuyekeziwe ukuze sifake ukuphawula okuvela ehhovisi likaMbusi kanye nomunye wabamangali.
Martha W. Aldrich is a senior reporter covering events at the Tennessee State Capitol. Please contact her at maldrich@chalkbeat.org.
Ngokubhalisa, uyavuma Isitatimende sethu Sobumfihlo, futhi abasebenzisi baseYurophu bayavuma Inqubomgomo Yokudlulisa Idatha. Ungase futhi uthole ukuxhumana okuvela kubaxhasi ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ngokubhalisa, uyavuma Isitatimende sethu Sobumfihlo, futhi abasebenzisi baseYurophu bayavuma Inqubomgomo Yokudlulisa Idatha. Ungase futhi uthole ukuxhumana okuvela kubaxhasi ngezikhathi ezithile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-28-2023