Amakhemisi kanye namahhovisi odokotela azoqala ukunikeza umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ka-2023-2024 kule nyanga. Okwamanje, abanye abantu bazokwazi ukuthola omunye umuthi wokugomela izifo zokuphefumula: umuthi wokugomela omusha we-RSV.
“Uma ukwazi ukuzinika ngesikhathi esisodwa kuphela, kufanele uzinike ngesikhathi esifanayo,” kusho uchwepheshe wezifo ezithelelanayo u-Amesh Adalja, MD, usosayensi omkhulu eJohns Hopkins Center for Health Security. Kuhle kakhulu. “Isimo esifanelekile kungaba ukujova ezingalweni ezihlukene, kodwa ukuzijova ngesikhathi esifanayo kungabangela imiphumela emibi eminingi njengobuhlungu bengalo, ukukhathala kanye nokungakhululeki.”
Nakhu okudingeka ukwazi ngazo zombili lezi zindlela zokugoma, nokuthi umuthi omusha wokugoma we-COVID-19 ongase ube khona kamuva kuleli hlobo uzothinta kanjani uhlelo lwakho lokugoma.
“Unyaka ngamunye, umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane wenziwa ngamagciwane omkhuhlane ayesakazeka ekupheleni kwesizini yomkhuhlane yonyaka odlule,” kusho uWilliam Schaffner, MD, uprofesa wezokwelapha zokuvimbela eVanderbilt University School of Medicine eNashville, etshela uWeaver. “Yingakho wonke umuntu oneminyaka eyi-6 nangaphezulu kufanele athole umjovo womkhuhlane waminyaka yonke ngaphambi kwesizini yomkhuhlane.”
Amakhemisi afana neWalgreens kanye neCVS aseqalile ukuqoqa imijovo yomkhuhlane. Ungenza i-aphoyintimenti mathupha ekhemisi noma kuwebhusayithi yekhemisi.
Kusukela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ubudala, cishe wonke umuntu kufanele athole umjovo womkhuhlane waminyaka yonke. Nakuba kube nezixwayiso zangaphambilini mayelana nobuchwepheshe bokugomela umkhuhlane obusekelwe emaqandeni, lezi zazingezobantu abanokungezwani namaqanda.
“Esikhathini esidlule, kwakunconywa izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuqapha zokugomela umkhuhlane wamaqanda kubantu abaye baba nokusabela okukhulu kokungezwani namaqanda,” kusho okhulumela i-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) etshela uVerveer. “IKomidi Elilulekayo Lokugomela Izifo le-CDC livotele ukuthi abantu abanokungezwani namaqanda bangathola noma yimuphi umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane (osekelwe emaqandeni noma ongewona osekelwe emaqandeni) ofanele iminyaka yabo kanye nesimo sempilo. Ngaphezu kokuncoma umuthi wokugomela nganoma yimuphi umuthi wokugomela, awusanconywa. Thatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe ngemijovo yakho yomkhuhlane.”
Uma uke waba nokusabela okukhulu emjovweni womkhuhlane noma une-allergy ezithakweni ezifana ne-gelatin (ngaphandle kwamaqanda), kungenzeka ukuthi awuyena umuntu ofanelekela umjovo womkhuhlane. Abanye abantu abane-Guillain-Barré syndrome bangase bangafaneleki ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo eziningi zemijovo yomkhuhlane, ngakho khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukuthi ikhona yini inketho ephephile kuwe.
Ngokusho kwe-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), abanye abantu kufanele bacabangele ukugonywa ngokushesha okukhulu, okuhlanganisa no-Agasti:
Kodwa abantu abaningi kufanele balinde kuze kube sekwindla ukuze bathole isivikelo esingcono kakhulu emkhuhlaneni, ikakhulukazi abantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-65 nangaphezulu kanye nabesifazane abakhulelweyo ezinyangeni zabo zokuqala nezesibili zokukhulelwa.
“Angikukhuthazi ukuthola umjovo womkhuhlane kusenesikhathi ngoba ukuvikelwa kwawo kuyehla njengoba isizini iqhubeka, ngakho-ke ngivame ukuncoma u-Okthoba,” kusho u-Adalja.
Uma kusebenza kahle ohlelweni lwakho, ungathola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ngesikhathi esifanayo nomuthi wokugomela i-RSV.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane, okuhlanganisa nesifutho samakhala esivunyelwe abantu abaneminyaka engu-2 kuya kwengu-49. Kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-65, i-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ayincomi umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane owodwa kunomunye. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaneminyaka engu-65 nangaphezulu kufanele bathole umthamo ophezulu womuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ukuze bavikeleke kangcono. Lokhu kufaka phakathi umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane we-Fluzone quadrivalent high-dose, umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane we-Flublok quadrivalent recombinant kanye nomuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane we-Fluad quadrivalent adjuvanted.
Igciwane le-Respiratory syncytial (RSV) liyigciwane elivamile elivame ukubangela izimpawu ezincane ezifana nomkhuhlane. Iningi labantu liyalulama phakathi nesonto noma amabili. Kodwa izinsana nabantu abadala banamathuba amaningi okuthola igciwane le-respiratory syncytial elibi futhi badinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela.
I-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) isanda kuvuma umuthi wokugomela i-RSV wokuqala. I-Abrysvo, eyenziwe yi-Pfizer Inc., kanye ne-Arexvy, eyenziwe yi-GlaxoSmithKline Plc, izotholakala emahhovisi odokotela nasemakhemisi maphakathi no-Agasti. I-Walgreens imemezele ukuthi abantu manje sebengaqala ukwenza ama-aphoyintimenti okugomela i-RSV.
Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu bayakufanelekela ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-RSV, futhi i-CDC itusa ukuthi uqale uxoxe ngokugomela nodokotela wakho.
I-ejensi ayizange income ngokushesha lo muthi wokugoma ngenxa yengozi ye-atrial fibrillation engavamile, izinkinga zokujiya kwenhliziyo kanye ne-rare Guillain-Barre syndrome.
I-CDC iphinde yancoma muva nje ukuthi zonke izingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-8 ezingena kwisizini yazo yokuqala ye-RSV zithole umuthi ojovwayo osanda kuvunyelwa i-Beyfortus (nirsevimab). Izingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-19 ubudala ezisabhekwa njengezisengozini yokutheleleka okukhulu kwe-RSV nazo ziyafaneleka. Kulindeleke ukuthi imijovo yenzeke kuleli hlobo.
Odokotela bathi abantu abafanelekela ukuthola umuthi wokugoma kufanele bagonywe ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze bazivikele ngaphambi kokuqala kwesizini ye-RSV, evame ukuqala ngoSepthemba futhi iqhubeke kuze kube yintwasahlobo.
“Abantu kufanele bathole umuthi wokugomela i-RSV ngokushesha nje lapho usutholakala ngoba awuhlali isikhathi eside,” kusho u-Adalja.
Ungathola umjovo womkhuhlane kanye nomjovo we-RSV ngalolo suku. Lungela ubuhlungu bengalo, kusho u-Adalja.
NgoJuni, ikomidi lezeluleko le-FDA livote ngazwi linye ukuthuthukisa umuthi omusha wokugomela i-COVID-19 ukuze uvikeleke kuhlobo lwe-XBB.1.5. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-FDA ivumile imijovo emisha evela ku-Pfizer kanye ne-Moderna evikela ne-BA.2.86 kanye ne-EG.5.
Izikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (i-CDC) zizokwenza izincomo zokuthi abantu bangathola yini umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19 ngesikhathi esifanayo nemithi yokugomela umkhuhlane kanye ne-RSV.
Nakuba abantu abaningi kufanele balinde kuze kube uSepthemba noma u-Okthoba ukuze bathole umjovo womkhuhlane, ungawuthola manje. Imithi yokugomela i-RSV nayo iyatholakala futhi inganikezwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi phakathi nesizini.
Umshwalense kufanele umboze le mijovo. Awukho umshwalense? Ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana nemitholampilo yokugoma yamahhala, shayela ku-311 noma useshe ngekhodi yeposi ku-findahealthcenter.hrsa.gov ukuze uthole imijovo eminingi yamahhala eSikhungweni Sezempilo Esifanelekile Sikahulumeni esiseduze nawe.
NguFran Kritz UFran Kritz uyintatheli yezempilo ezimele egxile kwezempilo yabathengi kanye nenqubomgomo yezempilo. Ungumbhali wangaphambilini we-Forbes kanye ne-US News & World Report.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 16-2023