Leli phepha lesikhundla lihlola izinguquko zomlando kanye nezitayela zamanje emfundweni yamazinyo kanye nokuzilolonga nemizamo yokuqagela ikusasa. Imfundo yamazinyo kanye nokwenza kwamazinyo, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kobhubhane lwe-covid-19, lusezingeni eliphansi. Ikusasa libunjwe ngamabutho amane aphansi: izindleko ezikhuphukayo zemfundo, ukuncipha kokunakekelwa kwamazinyo, ukunakekelwa kwenhlangano, kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Imfundo yamazinyo ingafaka phakathi komuntu, i-PROESTH-based, asynchronous, i-hybrid, ubuso nobuso nokufunda okubonakalayo, ukuhlinzeka abafundi ngamaphoyinti amaningi okuqala nokuphela. Ngokufanayo, amahhovisi amazinyo azoba yi-hybrid, ngokuba nokunakekelwa kweziguli komuntu nomuntu okutholakalayo. I-Artificial Intelligence izokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokuxilongwa, ukwelashwa kanye nokuphathwa kwamahhovisi.
"Imfundo yamazinyo nokuzijwayeza kusesiphambanweni" kuvame ukushiwo ezingxoxweni zethu zobungcweti. Lesi sitatimende sinengqondo manje kunangaphambili ngo-1995 (1). Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ubudlelwano phakathi kwezemfundo yamazinyo nokwenza njengoba bethonyana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqonda okuphelele kwesimo samanje kudinga ukucatshangelwa kwezindlela zesikhathi eside zakha lezi zindawo.
Imvelaphi yemfundo yamazinyo ingalandelelwa kwimodeli esekelwe ekusebenzeni emsebenzini lapho umsebenzi udluliselwe khona kusuka komunye udokotela uye kwesinye. Ngokuvulwa kwesikole sokuqala samazinyo eBaltimore ngo-1840, lesi siko savela saba ohlelweni olusemthethweni lwesikole. Imfundo yamazinyo isanda kwenziwa izinguquko ezibalulekile ezivela emfundweni esekwe esizeni ukuhambisa imfundo isebenzisa izingosi eziningi zemitholampilo kanye namamodeli we-hybrid afaka phakathi kokusebenzisana okubonakalayo okubonakalayo okubangelwa ubhubhane oluvezwa yi-19.
Eminyakeni engu-183 selokhu kwasungulwa isikole sama-baltimore somuthi wamazinyo, isikole sokuqala samazinyo e-United States, isimo semfundo yamazinyo sishintshe kakhulu. Imfundo yamazinyo iguqukele kwangasese, inzuzo, izikole ezizimele ezizimele ezikhungweni ezisekelwe eyunivesithi ezisuselwa eyunivesithi, izikhungo zemfundo engenzi inzuzo. Isibalo sezikole zamazinyo e-United States sahamba ngo-1900 ngo-57, sawa kwa-38 cishe ngo-1930 ngemuva kokushicilelwa kombiko we-Gies (2), bese silulama saba ngama-60 ngawo-1970. Ngemuva kokuvala bese ukuvulwa kabusha ngeminyaka yama-1980s, inani lezikole manje limi ngo-72, okungenani ezinye izikole eziyisikhombisa zihlelelwe ukuvula eminyakeni emi-2 kuya kwezi-3).
Ngasikhathi sinye, izakhi zemfundo yamazinyo ziya ngokuya ziyinkimbinkimbi. Ekuqaleni, umfundi oyedwa, oyedwa uthisha, isiguli esisodwa nendawo eyodwa yomzimba kuzokwanela. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni eyi-183 edlule, izifundo, imitholampilo, ukululeka, ikilasi, kanye nezindawo zokulingisa sezikhulile futhi zihlukaniswe. Ikhwalithi yobungcweti kanye nokwehlukahlukana, izinqubo zokuhlola ezihlelekile, kanye nezinto zokulawula zokulawula nokutholwa ezahlukahlukene zengezwa ukuthuthukisa isipiliyoni semfundo ephelele.
Izindleko zemfundo yamazinyo nazo zishintshe kakhulu, zandisa umthwalo wesikweletu sabafundi. Ezigabeni zokuqala, ukuqeqeshwa okuhlelekile okuvela kudokotela wamazinyo kuyadingeka, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka engu-1-2, abafundi bangasebenza ngokuzimela. Ukuqondiswa komkhuba wamazinyo e-United States bekuqala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nge-Alabama kwaba yisimo sokuqala ukuyilawula ngo-1841. Ngo-1910, iLayisense Lombuso laba yimpoqo kuzo zonke izifundazwe. Maphakathi nekhulu le-19, izifundo zezifundo zibiza cishe ama- $ 100, imali enkulu yemali. Ngokuvulwa kwesikole sokuqala samazinyo ngo-1840, imali yokufunda engu- $ 100 kuya ku- $ 200 yaba yinto evamile. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-140 (1880 kuya ku-2020), ukufundwa esikoleni esijwayelekile samazinyo esizimele e-United States kukhuphuke izikhathi ezingama-5555, ukwehla kwamandla emali okwedlule ngamahlandla angama-25 (4). Ngo-2023, isikweletu esijwayelekile samuva nje samazinyo esikole sizoba ngama- $ 280,700 (5).
Umlando owaziwayo wokuzijwayeza kwamazinyo wenzeka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa, ngayinye yenzeka ngamaphoyinti ahlukene nge-Timeline Ebanzi (Umdwebo 1). Lawa mazinga afaka phakathi amazinyo okukhishwa, okuyindlela yokuqala yokwelashwa; Amazinyo abuyisiwe kanye nezinye izindlela, ezaqala ngo-1728 ngesikhathi senkathi kaPierre Fauchard, ebhekwe ngabaningi ukuba 'bayibaba wamazinyo' asuselwa ku-1945. Ukuxilongwa; Amazinyo asuselwa kumazinyo avela ngawo-1960 ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bamanzi we-fluoridation, lapho amathe, uketshezi lwezicubu nezicubu zaba yisihluthulelo sokuthola izifo zasekhaya nezohlelo. Ukwelashwa kwezinguquko njengamanje kuyakhiwa okunikezela ngempilo yomlomo ngokususelwa ekuvuseleleni kabusha kanye nokukhohlisa kwe-microbiome, kuveze indlela yekusasa lamazinyo. Umbuzo osemqoka yilokho okuzoba yingxenye yalezi zinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemikhuba yamazinyo ngokuzayo.
Umdwebo 1. Izigaba zomlando zamazinyo. Kufuywe kwi-encyclopedia ebonisiwe yomlando wamazinyo ngu-Andrew Spielman. https://historortofdentinstrindandmedicicicine.com/a-timeline-of-the-hriory-of-dentistrysstry. Ishicilelwe kabusha ngemvume.
Le shift iguqule umkhuba wamazinyo kusuka ekugxiliseni kwemishini (ukukhishwa, ukushintshwa kwamazinyo kanye nokubuyiselwa kwamazinyo) kumuntu ophethwe yimikhakha yamakhemikhali kanye nezemvelo) futhi manje sekudlulela emkhakheni wezempilo ye-molecular (regenerative). ). futhi kususelwa ekukhohlisweni kwe-microbiome).
Okunye ukuvela kwemvelo okubalulekile kwenzeka emlandweni wokuzijwayeza kwamazinyo: kusuka endleleni ejwayelekile yokwelashwa kwamazinyo (kuwo wonke umlando wayo) ku-paradigm ekhethekile (kusukela ngo-1920) okumakwe ngobunye bomsebenzi wamazinyo. Amazinyo aqhubekela phambili ekunakekelweni okwenziwe ngezifiso kokunakekelwa okubonisa indlela ebucayi neyenzelwe umuntu ezempilo yomlomo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izindlela zokuqala zamazinyo zisuka kudokotela wamazinyo weselula abahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene (iningi lezinsolo ngaphambi kwekhulu le-19) libe yimodeli eyaziwa ngekhulu le-19). Kodwa-ke, ekuqaleni kuka-2000s, lapho kufika i-telementntistry, uhlobo lwe-hybrid lokulethwa kwamazinyo kwavela okuhlanganisiwe kwezinsizakalo zobuso bendabuko ngobuso ngokuxhumana okukude kwedijithali, ngaleyo ndlela kushintsha indlela ukunakekelwa kwamazinyo okulethwa ngayo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, isimo sokuzijwayeza samazinyo sithola ukuguqulwa, kusuka ekuzitini kwamazinyo kwangasese (kulo lonke elasekhulwini le-19 nele-20) ukuya eqenjini obani obanele noma odokotela bamazinyo (ukuqala ngawo-1970). Ukushintshela enhlanganweni yamazinyo yenkampani ephethwe (DSO) (ikakhulukazi eminyakeni engama-20 edlule). Lesi simo sakamuva esimangalisa, sithandwa kakhulu phakathi kweziqu ezisencane, siqokomisa amandla aguqukayo enhlamba yokunakekelwa kwamazinyo kanye nomkhuba wokuthola amandla okusebenza kwamazinyo okufana nemikhuba yezokwelapha emashumini emikhuba edlule. Ukwakheka kobunikazi kwezenzo zamazinyo ngazinye sekuguqukile kakhulu eminyakeni eyi-16 eyedlule. Phakathi kwalabo aneminyaka yobudala engama-65 nangaphezulu, ubunikazi bomuntu siqu bokwenza amazinyo kwehle kancane ngo-1%, kanti phakathi kwalabo abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala ukwehla kwakubaluleke kakhulu, kufinyelela ngo-15% (6). Ucwaningo lwekilasi lakwa-2023 lwathola ukuthi abangu-34% abathweswe iziqu bahlela ukungenela umkhuba wangasese ngemuva kokuthola iziqu bebheka ukujoyina i-DSO, inombolo ephindwe kabili eminyakeni emihlanu kuphela (5). Lokhu kukhanya kuqokomisa umehluko we-generational kumamodeli wobunikazi othandwa ngabasebenzi abancane bamazinyo ngenxa yobungozi obuphakeme, imithwalo yezokuphatha kanye nezindleko zokusebenzisa umkhuba ozimele. I-Corporatization of Dentatical Prakthiza futhi inselelo yokuzimela kwendabuko kwabasebenzi bamazinyo.
Ukulawulwa kwamazinyo kanye nokwengamela e-United States kuye kwenzelwa ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuguqukayo. Ngesikhathi senkathi yamakoloni, ukwengamela akuzange kube khona. Ngo-1923, lesi sakhiwo sase sikhule zaba yizikhungo ezine (Fig. 2). Eminyakeni eyi-100 ezayo, indawo yokulawula yandiswa kakhulu, futhi amandla ohulumeni anwebekile okungenani kuhulumeni, umbuso, kanye nama-ejensi endawo, iminyango yendawo, kanye neminyango ephezulu. Le nqubekela phambili ikhombisa ukwanda okukhulu kobunzima nokuhlukahluka kwengqalasizinda yokulawula kanye nomthwalo wokuphatha womkhuba wamazinyo nemfundo e-United States.
Amandla amane anamandla aphonsela inselelo imfundo yamazinyo endabuko kanye nokwenza. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izindleko zemfundo, ubuchwepheshe obufana neqiniso neqiniso elingathandeki, ubuhlakani bokufakelwa, "ukwelashwa kwamazinyo okungahlaseli, okungukuthi, ukwelashwa okungahlaseli okwenziwe ngabahlinzeki baphakathi nabasezingeni eliphakathi nendawo kanye nomphakathi, kanye ne-Corporatizet yemikhuba yamazinyo.
Okuthinta kuqala kwezemfundo, okwesithathu nokwesine kuthinta umkhuba, kanti okwesibili kuthinta bobabili. Lezi zindawo zixoxwa kafushane ngezansi futhi zivule impikiswano ngokuthi imfundo yamazinyo nokuzilolonga kungaqondiswa kuphi.
Ngenkathi sixoxile kafushane izindleko zemfundo yamanje, kufanelekile ukuthatha ukubukeka okujulile ngesidingo sokubhekana nezindleko ezizayo ezizophoqelela izikole ukuba zenze izinguquko ezinhle. Ikakhulu, kuzoba nesidingo esandayo sokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza kanye nezimali zokufunda ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi angabizi kakhulu. Indlela ethembisa kakhulu yokukhulisa ukusebenza kahle ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe enganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokuhlinzeka ngemfundo.
Izindleko zesikole samazinyo zihlobene ngokuyinhloko nezawomholo wekhono, abasebenzi bezokuphatha, kanye nezindleko zokusebenza, kubandakanya izindleko ezihlobene nemitholampilo. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakamuva nobhubhane lwe-covid-19 kukhombise amandla okuqhubeka nezemfundo ephezulu yamazinyo ukude noma ngabe amahhovisi amazinyo avaliwe. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kwenzeke ukuletha izifundo eziningi ngokwedijithali, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise isidingo sothisha ukusebenzisa izinsiza ezabiwe. Lokhu kuguqulwa kungavula indlela yezikhungo zamazinyo eziningi ukwaba ikharikhulamu kanye nobuchwepheshe ukude ngokuzayo, kuqeda isidingo sobunikazi futhi kungaholela ekunciphiseni okubalulekile kwezindleko zeholo lezokuphatha kanye nekhono.
Ngokwengeziwe, ukuhlanganiswa kwangempela okungokoqobo (VR) kanye ne-Augmented Reality (AR) okulinganiselwe ku-Asynchronous Education Education yisinyathelo esiguqukayo. Lokhu okusha kungahle kufanekisela impendulo kanye nokufeza kwamakhono ngamanye ngejubane elihlukile, kukhumbuze izinhlelo zokuqeqeshwa kwezindiza zezindiza ezisebenzisa amakhono. Le ndlela inamandla okuguqula imfundo yamazinyo yeqiniso ngokwakha indawo esebenza kahle futhi ehleliwe yokufunda.
I-VR okwamanje isetshenziswa ezikoleni ezahlukahlukene zezokwelapha nezamazinyo. Nazi ezinye izibonelo. UHoleoanatomy, waklanywa yi-Case Western Reserve University, uhlinzeka ngamakhono angempela akwangempela avumela abafundi bezokwelapha ukuthi basebenzisane namamodeli we-3D e-anatomical an-anatomical ekufundeni okujulile. Olunye uhlelo, i-touchsurgery, inikeza i-vr ukuhlinzwa simulator evumela ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuthi basebenzise izinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlinzwa endaweni enengqondo ye-3D. U-Osso VR ugxile ekuqeqeshweni okuhlinzayo futhi uhlinzeka ngemvelo ebonakalayo lapho ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo bangazijwayeza khona ukuhlinzwa futhi bathuthukise amakhono abo ngokulingisa okunengqondo. Ekugcineni, i-VITI inikezela nge-VR ne-AR ukulinganisa ukuqeqeshwa kokuphendula okuphuthumayo. Ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo bangazijwayeza ukuphendula izimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha ezimweni zangempela zempilo.
Izibonelo eziningana zokusebenzisa i-AI zifaka iziguli ze-AI Virtual ngesineke, ezivumela abafundi bamazinyo ukuba basebenzise izinqubo ezahlukahlukene endaweni enengqondo, ephephile (7). Lokhu kusetshenziswa kungafaka izimo zokuhlola zokuxilonga, amapulani okulashwa, nezinqubo zezandla.
A) Amapulatifomu wokufunda aguqukayo asebenzisa ubuhlakani bezobuchwepheshe be-algorithms ukwenza ngokwezifiso okuqukethwe kwezemfundo ngokususelwa kwinqubekela phambili, isitayela sokufunda kanye nokusebenza kwabafundi ngabodwa. Lawa mapulatifomu anganikeza izivivinyo ezenzelwe wena, amamojula asebenzayo, kanye nezinsizakusebenza ezihlosiwe ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zokufunda.
b) Izicelo ze-Intelligence zokufakelwa zingahlaziya izithombe zokuxilonga, njenge-X-ray noma amafilimu angenhla, futhi anikeze impendulo ngokushesha ngamakhono okuhunyushwa kwabafundi. Lokhu kusiza abafundi ukuthi bathuthukise amandla abo okuthola izifo ezahlukahlukene zomlomo.
c) Izicelo ezingokoqobo ezingokoqobo ezingokoqobo ezinikwe amandla yi-Artificial Intelligence Dala okuhlangenwe nakho kokufunda okugxilile. Abafundi bangafunda amamodeli we-3D anemininingwane ye-anatomy yamazinyo, ahlanganyele neziguli ezibonakalayo, futhi azokwenza izinqubo zokuhlinzwa endaweni esetshenzisiwe yomtholampilo.
d) Ubuhlakani bokufakelwa busekela ukufundwa kwebanga ngokunikeza amapulatifomu ezemfundo amabanga. Abafundi bangabamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni ezibonakalayo, ama-webinars kanye nezingxoxo zokubambisana. Izici ze-AI zingafaka ukubhalwa okuzenzakalelayo, Q & A Chalbots, kanye nokuhlaziywa kokuzibandakanya kwabafundi.
E) Izinkampani zobuchwepheshe zisebenzisana nabahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo kanye namanyuvesi ukuhlinzeka okuqukethwe kwezemfundo ngamapulatifomu awo. Lokhu okuqukethwe kungafaka izindatshana, amavidiyo, nezinsizakusebenza ezisebenzayo ezihlanganisa izihloko ezahlukahlukene zamazinyo nezokwelashwa. Isibonelo, iCoursera inikela ngemingcele emithini yamazinyo kanye namazinyo ase-University of Pennsylvania, amazinyo angama-101 avela e-University of Michigan, kanye nezinto zamazinyo ezivela e-University of Hong Kong. I-MIT Opencouriseware inikezela ukufinyelela kwamahhala ezifundweni ze-neuroscience nokuningi.
F) Ekugcineni, i-Khan Academy inikezela ngezifundo eziningi zamazinyo zamazinyo ezimboza izihloko ezinjenge-anatomy yomlomo, izinto zamazinyo, kanye nezifundo eziyisisekelo zesayensi ngokwesiko okuhlinzekwa yizikole zezokwelapha nangamazinyo.
Okunye okushiwo ukuhlinzekwa kokunakekelwa kwamazinyo okusobala, okungahlaseli. I-Telederentistry ibe ngenye indlela yokunakekelwa kwamazinyo okujwayelekile.
Njengoba ukungenelela kwamazinyo amaningi okuvimbela kuhlasela kancane, kunesidingo esincane sodokotela bamazinyo ukwenza zonke izinyathelo ezinikezwa ngamahhovisi amazinyo. Abanye abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo abanjengohlanzayo lwamazinyo, ama-advanced proppy hygiebenists, ama-abela amazinyo, abahlengikazi bamazinyo ngisho nabafundisi, odokotela, abahlengikazi nabazali bazokwazi ukunakekela. Lapho amazinyo okuvimbela amazinyo (i-fluoride, abamhlophe bamazinyo, izinamathiseli zamazinyo, abavikeli bomlomo, nemithi yezinhlungu) ukushaya abahlinzeki bezitolo ezingaphezu kwe-counter, ezinye izinsizakalo zinganikezwa ngabahlinzeki bamaphakathi nabasezingeni eliphakathi nalona nochwepheshe.
Ekugcineni, kuyindaba yesikhathi kuphela ngaphambi kokuhlangana kwezwe kanye ne-teledentistry ndawonye ukuhlinzeka ukunakekelwa kwamazinyo okungahlaseli noma kunini, noma kuphi.
Enye into emfundweni yamazinyo nokunakekelwa kwamazinyo ukuhileleka kobuchwepheshe obukhulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuhlakani bokufakelwa emfundweni nasekunakekelweni kwamazinyo. Izinkampani zezobuchwepheshe ezinkulu zivame ukubambisana nezinhlangano zezempilo, ezingezona ezingezona ezikhungweni zemfundo, kanye nezikhungo zemfundo ukukhuthaza izindlela zemfundo yezokwelapha. Izinkampani eziningi zobuchwepheshe ezinkulu ziya ngokuya zinesifiso sokusebenzisa amapulatifomu abo nobuchwepheshe ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi, izinsiza kanye nokuqukethwe kwemfundo okuhlobene nempilo yomlomo nangokomdlandla. Izibonelo zifaka:
A) Izinkampani zobuchwepheshe zezobuchwepheshe zithuthukisa futhi zikhuthaze izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlobene nezempilo namapulatifomu ahlinzeka ngokuqukethwe kokufundisa ngezihloko ezahlukahlukene zezempilo. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zinganikeza imininingwane yokudla okunempilo yokuqina komzimba, ukulandelela ukungena kwamanzi, kukhumbuze abasebenzisi ukuxubha amazinyo abo, kunikeze izeluleko ezijwayelekile zokugcina ukuhlanzeka okuhle ngomlomo, futhi kunikeze ngokubonisana ngamazinyo noma izeluleko zezempilo zomlomo. Esifundweni se-Medority angama-2022, uThurzo et al. .
b) Sebenzisa ubuhlakani bokufakelwa ukuthuthukisa abasizi bezempilo abahlinzeka ngemininingwane yezempilo eqondene nomuntu uqobo nezincomo. Izicelo zobuchwepheshe bokufakelwa ezakhiwe yizinkampani zobuchwepheshe zibonisa isethembiso sokuhlaziywa kwezithombe zamazinyo nokuxilongwa. Isibonelo, ama-algorithms e-artificial intelligence aslorithms asiza ukuhlaziya imisakazo yamazinyo efana nama-x-ray kanye nama-CBCT Scans ukukhomba izimo ezinjengokuwohloka kwamazinyo, isifo se-periodontal kanye nokuhlukumezeka. Baphinde bathuthukise ukucaciswa kwezithombe zamazinyo, basiza odokotela bamazinyo ngempumelelo benze imininingwane futhi benze ukutholakala okunembile.
c) Ngokufanayo, ubuhlakani bezobunhloli ubuhlakani be-algorithms ukuhlola idatha yomtholampilo, kufaka phakathi ukujula kwe-periontal Imodeli yokuhlola ubungozi ye-AI ihlaziya idatha yesiguli, kufaka phakathi umlando wezokwelapha, izici zendlela yokuphila kanye nemiphumela yemitholampilo, ukubikezela ingozi yokuthola izifo ezithile zomlomo. Njengamanje, amamodeli wezobunhloli bokufakelwa adinga ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo ukuthola ukulahleka kwamathambo we-peripontal (10).
d) Okunye okungenzeka ukusetshenziswa kobuhlakani bokufakelwa ukuthuthukisa amasu wezokwelapha kuma-orthodontics kanye nokuhlinzwa kwe-orthonathic (11) ukulandelela amamodeli amazinyo (12) ukusiza ukubikezela izinyo lokunyakaza kanye nokwenza kahle ukuhlelwa kwamazinyo. ukungenelela okuhlinza (13).
e) Izinhlelo zokufakelwa kwezobunhloli zihlaziya izithombe ezitholwe zisebenzisa amakhamera we-Intraouse noma amanye amadivaysi okucabanga ukukhomba ukungahambi kahle noma izimpawu ezingaba khona zomdlavuza womlomo (14). I-Artificial Intelligence algorithms iqeqeshelwe ukukhomba futhi ihlukanise izilonda zomlomo, kufaka phakathi izilonda, izilonda ezimhlophe noma ezibomvu, nezilonda ezibucayi (14, 15). I-Artificial Intelligence ilungile ekwenzeni lokho, kepha uma kukhulunywa ngokwenza izinqumo zokuhlinza, ukuqaphela kuyadingeka.
f) ku-pentiatric dentistry, ubuhlakani bokufakelwa busetshenziselwa ukuthola izilonda ezikhathazayo, ngcono ukunemba nokusebenza kahle kokuthola ukucabanga, ukuthuthukisa izifo zokwelashwa, ukuveza izifo zomlomo, nokukhuthaza ezempilo (16, 17).
g) I-Artificial Intelligence isetshenziselwa ukuphatha ukuzijwayeza nabasizi be-virtual kanye ne-Chatbots enamandla okusiza ukuhlela ama-aphoyintimenti bese uphendula imibuzo eyisisekelo yesiguli. Ubuchwepheshe bokuqashelwa kwenkulumo enikwe amandla buvumela odokotela bamazinyo ukuthi babike amanothi emitholampilo, behlisa isikhathi sokuqopha. Ngokufanayo, i-AI yenza lula i-telededentistry ngokunika amandla okubonisana okukude, okuvumela odokotela bamazinyo ukuba bahlole iziguli futhi benze izincomo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuvakasha komuntu.
Ukuguqulwa kwemfundo yamazinyo kubandakanya inguquko evela kwimodeli ephakathi nendawo eya kwindlela ebekiwe futhi yezobuchwepheshe. Ukuhlukaniswa kwemfundo yamazinyo kuyabonakala njengoba kubonakale ukuthi ezinye izici zokufunda zingalethwa ngempumelelo i-asyncchronous online usebenzisa ukumbumbuluzwa kanye nempendulo esekelwe kwi-intelligence. Lokhu kuphuma kusuka kumodeli yendabuko kunselele inselelo isidingo sokuhlinzeka yonke imfundo ngasikhathi sinye ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa.
Ugqugquzelwe yisibonelo sokuqeqeshwa kwezindiza ezindiza, okuqukethwe kwezemfundo yamazinyo esikhathini esizayo kungakhishwa kwizikhungo zobuchwepheshe ezikhethekile, ezifana nokuthi izingosi ezenzakalelayo zidlala kanjani ekuhlolweni. Lokhu kwahlelwa kabusha kusho ukuthi abafundi ngeke kusadingeka baqale futhi baqede uhambo lwabo lwemfundo ngesethi ehleliwe "ekilasini." Esikhundleni salokho, uhlelo olwenziwe ngokwezifiso luzothuthukiswa ngokususelwa ekufezeni amakhono athile. Lawa makhono azobe egxile ekubekezeleni kunokuba agxile kumfundi futhi asuswe isikhathi, njengoba enjalo manje.
Yize imfundo yezemitholampilo isadinga isipiliyoni esisebenzayo, isakhiwo seqembu eliqinile alisadingeki. Abafundi bangabandakanyeka kulezi zinto ezisebenzayo ngezikhathi ezihlukile, ezimweni eziningi zemitholampilo, nakumaqembu ahlukene. Imfundo ebonakalayo izobusa izingxenye ze-didactic nezerediyo, igcizelela ukuguquguquka ngokufunda kwe-asynchronous. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isakhi semitholampilo sizoba nefomethi ye-hybrid, ehlanganisa okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu ngomuntu ngezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ama-decengadid, hybrid, avumelanayo kanye nesimo se-asynchronous sale modeli yezemfundo eyenziwe ngezifiso kuletha izinzuzo zezomnotho ezibalulekile kubafundi. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyasiza ukunciphisa izindima zendabuko ze-Dental School Faculty, abasebenzi, kanye nabaphathi futhi bahlole kabusha indawo ebonakalayo edingekayo. Ngakho-ke, ikusasa lemfundo yamazinyo lizosuselwa kwimodeli enamandla futhi esebenza kahle evumelana nezidingo eziguqukayo zabafundi nezimboni.
Imodeli ehlongozwayo yindlela eyodwa kuphela yokuthola ukusebenza kwezindleko emfundweni yamazinyo; Ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kufanele kufake izindleko eziphelele nobude beKolishi nezeMfundo Yamazinyo. Ukunciphisa isikhathi semfundo yendawo yonke kunganciphisa izindleko ezingaba khona. Isibonelo, umkhuba wamanje wokuvuma abafundi ngemuva konyaka wokuqala wekolishi ukuze ingxenye elinganiselwe yabafundi ingaba nomthelela kulokhu kwehla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubude bemfundo yamazinyo bungafinyezwa ngokwenza ezinye izifundo zesisekelo zesayensi ziphoqelekile. Enye indlela yokwandisa ukusebenza kahle, wonga isikhathi, futhi unciphise izindleko ukuhlanganisa ama-DDS ngemfundo yokuthola iziqu.
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, umkhakha wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ubone ukuhlanganiswa kokuhlanganiswa kanye nokutholwa kumshuwalense wezempilo, izinsizakalo zezokwelapha, ezitolo ze-chain kanye namakhemisi. Lo mkhuba uholele ekuqubukeni kwe- "MicrocLics," okunikeza ukunakekelwa okuphelele kokuvimbela ezindaweni eziningi. Abathengisi abakhulu abanjengoWalmart kanye nama-CV bafake amazinyo kulemitholampilo, abaqeqeshiwe abaqasha ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlinzwa okulula nokunakekelwa okuvinjelwe, amamodeli wokubuyiselwa kwemali eyinselele.
Ukuhlanganisa izinsizakalo zamazinyo ohlelweni olubanzi lwezempilo kungaguqula ukufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo ngokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo eziphelele zokunakekelwa kwempilo, kufaka phakathi ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile, imishanguzo, umuthi ophansi, kanye nokunakekelwa kwempilo ngomlomo, ngemali ephansi. Ukusebenza okuhleliwe kunwebeka nezinqubo zokukhokha kanye nokuhlanganiswa kolwazi lwesiguli phakathi kwabahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Le mitholampilo eguqukayo igcizelela ukuvikeleka nokunakekelwa kwezempilo okuphelele, ikakhulukazi njengokushintshwa komshuwalense ekuhlolweni okusekelwe kumphumela, kuguqula amandla okunakekelwa kwempilo kanye nokukhuthaza indlela ephelele yokubekezela kahle. Ngasikhathi sinye, inhlangano yokunakekelwa kwamazinyo kanye nokukhula kwemikhuba emincane kungaguqula odokotela bamazinyo baba yizisebenzi kunokuba basebenzise abanikazi bezindlela ezizimele.
Ngokwanda okumangazayo kwabantu asebekhulile, enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ezibhekene namazinyo emitholampilo asezovuka. Uma ukhipha isisekelo kubantu baseMelika abayizigidi ezingama-57 ubudala abaneminyaka engama-57 ubudala, inani labantu baseMelika eqenjini elifanayo leminyaka kulindeleke ukuthi lifinyelele kuma-80 million ngo-2050, ngokusho kwe-US Census Bureau Projections. Lokhu kulingana nokwanda kwengxenye yabantu abadala asebekhulile phakathi kwama-5% abantu baseMelika (18). Njengoshintsho lwe-demographics, ukwanda okuhambisanayo kwenombolo ngokuphelele yezilonda zomlomo kubantu abadala asebekhulile kulindeleke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunesidingo esikhulayo semisebenzi yamazinyo ebhekana nezidingo ezihlukile zezempilo zomlomo zabantu abadala (19, 20).
Ukucabanga ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, odokotela bamazinyo besikhathi esizayo kulindeleke ukuthi banikeze izindlela zokwelashwa ezi-hybrid ezihlanganisa izinsizakalo ezikude kanye nenhlanganisela yokuxhumana ngocingo kanye nobuso nobuso. I-landscape eshintshayo igcizelela ukushintshwa ekunakekelweni kwebhayoloji, amangqamuzana, nokunakekelwa komuntu uqobo (isibalo 1). Lokhu kuguqulwa kudinga ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukwandisa ulwazi lwabo lwezinto eziphilayo futhi bazibandakanye phambili intuthuko yesayensi.
Le ndawo eguqukayo ithembisa ukwenza ngcono ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono athile amazinyo, abane-endodontists, ama-periodontists, izazi zezikhathi zomlomo, odokotela bamazinyo, odokotela abahlinzayo bomlomo abahola indlela yokwamukelwa kwamazinyo avuselelayo. Lokhu kuvela kwemvelo kuyahambisana nomkhuba obanzi ngezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi eziqondene nomuntu uqobo ekunakekelweni ngomlomo.
Akekho onebhola le-crystal ukubikezela ikusasa. Kodwa-ke, izingcindezi ezivela ezindlekweni zemfundo, ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlangano, kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kuzokhula emashumini eminyaka azayo, okuhlinzeka ngezindlela ezishibhile futhi ezisebenza kahle kwimodeli yamanje yemfundo yamazinyo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuqondiswa kolwazi kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kumazinyo kuzohlinzeka ngamathuba asebenza kahle, angenazindleko futhi abanzi wokuvimbela nokunakekelwa.
Izinto zoqobo ezethulwe ocwaningweni zifakiwe kwi-athikili / izinto ezingezelelweyo, eminye imibuzo ingaqondiswa kumbhali ohambisanayo.
Isikhathi sePosi: Jul-05-2024