Ubuchwepheshe be-Augmented reality (AR) bubonakale busebenza ngempumelelo ekuboniseni ulwazi nasekunikezeni izinto ze-3D.Yize abafundi bevamise ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AR ngokusebenzisa amadivaysi eselula, amamodeli epulasitiki noma izithombe ze-2D zisasetshenziswa kakhulu ekuzilolongeni kwamazinyo.Ngenxa yemvelo yamazinyo anezinhlangothi ezintathu, abafundi abaqopha amazinyo babhekana nezinselelo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamathuluzi atholakalayo anikeza isiqondiso esingaguquki.Kulolu cwaningo, sithuthukise ithuluzi lokuqeqesha lokuqopha amazinyo elisuselwa ku-AR (AR-TCPT) futhi saliqhathanisa nemodeli yepulasitiki ukuze sihlole amandla alo njengethuluzi lokuzijwayeza kanye nolwazi ngokusetshenziswa kwalo.
Ukulingisa amazinyo okusika, sidale ngokulandelana into ye-3D ehlanganisa i-maxillary canine kanye ne-maxillary first premolar (isinyathelo 16), i-mandibular first premolar (isinyathelo 13), kanye ne-mandibular first molar (isinyathelo 14).Omaka bezithombe abadalwe kusetshenziswa isoftware ye-Photoshop babelwa izinyo ngalinye.Kuthuthukiswe uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula olususelwa ku-AR kusetshenziswa injini ye-Unity.Ngokuqoshwa kwamazinyo, ababambiqhaza be-52 babelwa ngokungahleliwe eqenjini lokulawula (n = 26; kusetshenziswa amamodeli wamazinyo epulasitiki) noma iqembu lokuhlola (n = 26; kusetshenziswa i-AR-TCPT).Uhlu lwemibuzo lwezinto ezingu-22 lusetshenziswe ukuhlola ulwazi lomsebenzisi.Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha okuqhathaniswayo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa okungeyona ipharamethikhi kaMann-Whitney U ngohlelo lwe-SPSS.
I-AR-TCPT isebenzisa ikhamera yedivayisi yeselula ukuthola izimpawu zesithombe futhi ibonise izinto ze-3D zezingcezwana zamazinyo.Abasebenzisi bangakhohlisa idivayisi ukuze babuyekeze isinyathelo ngasinye noma bafunde ukuma kwezinyo.Imiphumela yocwaningo lwesipiliyoni somsebenzisi ibonise ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu elilawulayo lisebenzisa amamodeli epulasitiki, iqembu lokuhlola le-AR-TCPT lenze amaphuzu aphezulu kakhulu kulwazi lokubaza amazinyo.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namamodeli epulasitiki endabuko, i-AR-TCPT inikeza ulwazi olungcono lomsebenzisi lapho kubazwa amazinyo.Ithuluzi kulula ukulifinyelela njengoba lenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ngabasebenzisi kumadivayisi eselula.Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kutholwe umthelela wezemfundo we-AR-TCTP esilinganisweni samazinyo aqoshiwe kanye nekhono lomsebenzisi ngalinye lokuqopha.
I-morphology yamazinyo kanye nokuzivocavoca okusebenzayo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yekharikhulamu yamazinyo.Lesi sifundo sinikeza isiqondiso sethiyori nesisebenzayo ku-morphology, umsebenzi kanye nokuqoshwa okuqondile kwezakhiwo zamazinyo [1, 2].Indlela yesintu yokufundisa ukufunda ngokwethiyori bese wenza ukuqopha amazinyo ngokusekelwe ezimisweni ezifundiwe.Abafundi basebenzisa izithombe ze-two-dimensional (2D) zamazinyo namamodeli epulasitiki ukuze zibaze amazinyo kumabhlogo we-wax noma ukhonkolo [3,4,5].Ukuqonda i-morphology yamazinyo kubalulekile ekwelashweni kokubuyisela kanye nokwakhiwa kokubuyiselwa kwamazinyo ekusebenzeni komtholampilo.Ubudlelwano obufanele phakathi kwamazinyo aphikisanayo namazinyo asondelene, njengoba kuboniswa ukuma kwawo, kubalulekile ukugcina ukuzinza kwe-occlusal kanye nesikhundla [6, 7].Nakuba izifundo zamazinyo zingasiza abafundi ukuba bathole ukuqonda okuphelele kwe-morphology yamazinyo, basabhekana nezinselele enqubweni yokusika ehambisana nemikhuba yendabuko.
Abasanda kufika emsebenzini we-morphology yamazinyo babhekene nenselele yokuhumusha nokukhiqiza izithombe ze-2D ngezilinganiso ezintathu (3D) [8,9,10].Ukuma kwamazinyo kuvame ukumelelwa imidwebo enezinhlangothi ezimbili noma izithombe, okuholela ebunzimeni ekuboneni ngeso lengqondo ukumila kwamazinyo.Ukwengeza, isidingo sokwenza ngokushesha ukuqopha kwamazinyo endaweni nesikhathi esilinganiselwe, okuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe ze-2D, senza kube nzima kubafundi ukuba bacabange futhi babone ngeso lengqondo izimo ze-3D [11].Nakuba amamodeli amazinyo epulasitiki (angethulwa njengaqediwe ingxenye noma ngendlela yokugcina) esiza ekufundiseni, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kulinganiselwe ngenxa yokuthi amamodeli epulasitiki okuhweba ngokuvamile achazwa kusengaphambili futhi akhawulela amathuba okuprakthiza kothisha nabafundi[4].Ukwengeza, lawa mamodeli okuzivocavoca angaphansi kwesikhungo semfundo futhi awakwazi ukuba ngawabafundi ngabanye, okuholela ekwenyukeni komthwalo wokuzivocavoca ngesikhathi esabelwe ikilasi.Abaqeqeshi bavame ukufundisa inani elikhulu labafundi ngesikhathi sokuzilolonga futhi ngokuvamile bathembele ezindleleni zokuzijwayeza zendabuko, okungaholela ekulindeni isikhathi eside impendulo yomqeqeshi ngezigaba eziphakathi zokuqopha [12].Ngakho-ke, kunesidingo somhlahlandlela wokubaza ukuze kube lula umkhuba wokuqopha izinyo kanye nokunciphisa ukulinganiselwa okubekwe amamodeli epulasitiki.
Ubuchwepheshe be-Augmented reality (AR) buvele njengethuluzi elithembisayo lokuthuthukisa ulwazi lokufunda.Ngokumboza ulwazi lwedijithali endaweni yempilo yangempela, ubuchwepheshe be-AR bungahlinzeka abafundi ngomuzwa osebenzisanayo futhi ogxilile [13].U-Garzón [14] udonse isipiliyoni seminyaka engama-25 ngezizukulwane ezintathu zokuqala zokuhlukaniswa kwemfundo ye-AR futhi waphikisa ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ephathwayo engabizi kakhulu nezinhlelo zokusebenza (ngamadivaysi eselula nezinhlelo zokusebenza) esizukulwaneni sesibili se-AR kuye kwathuthukisa kakhulu ukutholakala kwemfundo. izici..Uma sezidaliwe futhi sezifakiwe, izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula zivumela ikhamera ukuthi ibone futhi ibonise ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezinto ezibonakalayo, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ulwazi lomsebenzisi [15, 16].Ubuchwepheshe be-AR busebenza ngokubona ngokushesha ikhodi noma umaka wesithombe ovela kukhamera yedivayisi yeselula, ubonisa ulwazi olumbondelene lwe-3D lapho lutholwa [17].Ngokukhohlisa amadivaysi eselula noma omaka bezithombe, abasebenzisi bangabuka kalula futhi ngokunembile futhi baqonde izakhiwo ze-3D [18].Ekubuyekezweni kuka-Akçayır no-Akçayır [19], i-AR itholwe yandisa "ubumnandi" futhi ngempumelelo "ikhuphula amazinga okuhlanganyela okufunda."Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobunzima bedatha, ubuchwepheshe bungaba "nzima kubafundi ukuthi babusebenzise" futhi bubangele "ukuchichima kwengqondo," okudinga izincomo zokufundisa ezengeziwe [19, 20, 21].Ngakho-ke, kufanele kwenziwe imizamo yokuthuthukisa inani lemfundo le-AR ngokwandisa ukusebenziseka nokunciphisa ukugcwala komsebenzi okuyinkimbinkimbi.Lezi zici zidinga ukucatshangelwa uma usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-AR ukuze udale amathuluzi okufundisa omkhuba wokuqopha amazinyo.
Ukuze uqondise ngempumelelo abafundi ekuqoshweni kwamazinyo kusetshenziswa izindawo ze-AR, kufanele kulandelwe inqubo eqhubekayo.Le ndlela ingasiza ekunciphiseni ukuhlukahluka futhi ikhuthaze ukutholwa kwamakhono [22].Abadwebi abasaqalayo bangathuthukisa ikhwalithi yomsebenzi wabo ngokulandela inqubo yedijithali yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokubaza amazinyo [23].Eqinisweni, indlela yokuqeqesha isinyathelo ngesinyathelo iye yaboniswa ukuthi iyasebenza ekwazini amakhono okubaza ngesikhathi esifushane futhi inciphisa amaphutha ekwakhiweni kokugcina kokubuyisela [24].Emkhakheni wokubuyiselwa kwamazinyo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinqubo zokuqopha ebusweni bamazinyo kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokusiza abafundi ukuba bathuthukise amakhono abo [25].Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuthuthukisa ithuluzi lokuzijwayeza lokuqopha amazinyo elisuselwa ku-AR (AR-TCPT) elilungele amadivayisi eselula futhi lihlole ulwazi lwalo lomsebenzisi.Ngokungeziwe, ucwaningo luqhathanise ukuzizwisa komsebenzisi kwe-AR-TCPT namamodeli wendabuko wamazinyo ukuze kuhlolwe amandla e-AR-TCPT njengethuluzi elisebenzayo.
I-AR-TCPT yakhelwe amadivayisi eselula asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-AR.Leli thuluzi lakhelwe ukudala amamodeli e-3D esinyathelo ngesinyathelo ama-maxillary canines, ama-maxillary first premolars, ama-mandibular first premolars, kanye ne-mandibular first molars.Ukumodela kwe-3D kokuqala kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-3D Studio Max (2019, Autodesk Inc., USA), futhi ukumodela kokugcina kwenziwa kusetshenziswa iphakethe lesoftware ye-Zbrush 3D (2019, Pixologic Inc., USA).Ukumakwa kwesithombe kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ye-Photoshop (i-Adobe Master Collection CC 2019, Adobe Inc., USA), eyenzelwe ukuqashelwa okuzinzile ngamakhamera eselula, enjinini ye-Vuforia (PTC Inc., USA; http:///developer.vuforia. com)).Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-AR lusetshenziswa kusetshenziswa injini ye-Unity (March 12, 2019, Unity Technologies, USA) futhi ngemva kwalokho yafakwa futhi yethulwa kudivayisi yeselula.Ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kahle kwe-AR-TCPT njengethuluzi lomkhuba wokuqopha amazinyo, ababambiqhaza bakhethwa ngokungahleliwe ekilasini lokuzijwayeza le-morphology yamazinyo lika-2023 ukuze bakhe iqembu lokulawula kanye neqembu lokuhlola.Abahlanganyeli eqenjini lokuhlola basebenzisa i-AR-TCPT, futhi iqembu lokulawula lasebenzisa amamodeli epulasitiki asuka ku-Tooth Carving Step Model Kit (Nissin Dental Co., Japan).Ngemva kokuqeda umsebenzi wokusika amazinyo, isipiliyoni somsebenzisi sethuluzi ngalinye lokusebenzisa izandla saphenywa futhi saqhathaniswa.Ukugeleza komklamo wocwaningo kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Lolu cwaningo lwenziwe ngemvume yeBhodi Lokubuyekeza Isikhungo SaseSouth Seoul National University (inombolo ye-IRB: NSU-202210-003).
Ukumodela kwe-3D kusetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ngokungaguquki izici ze-morphological zezakhiwo eziphumayo nezigoqene ze-mesial, distal, buccal, lingual and occlusal surfaces of teeth ngesikhathi senqubo yokubaza.I-maxillary canine kanye namazinyo okuqala e-maxillary premolar aye amodela njengeleveli 16, i-mandibular yokuqala ye-premolar njengeleveli 13, kanye ne-molar yokuqala ye-mandibular njengeleveli 14. Imodeli yokuqala ibonisa izingxenye ezidinga ukususwa futhi zigcinwe ngokulandelana kwamafilimu amazinyo. , njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni.2. Ukulandelana kokugcina kwezinyo kuboniswa kuMfanekiso 3. Kumodeli wokugcina, ukuthungwa, ama-ridges kanye nama-grooves achaza isakhiwo esicindezelekile sezinyo, kanye nolwazi lwesithombe lufakiwe ukuqondisa inqubo yokuqopha nokugqamisa izakhiwo ezidinga ukunakwa okuseduze.Ekuqaleni kwesiteji sokuqopha, indawo ngayinye inekhodi yombala ukuze ibonise ukuma kwayo, futhi i-wax block imakwe ngemigqa eqinile ekhombisa izingxenye ezidinga ukususwa.Izinyo le-mesial kanye ne-distal ziphawulwe ngamachashazi abomvu ukuze zibonise izindawo zokuthintana kwamazinyo ezizohlala njengama-projection futhi angeke akhishwe ngesikhathi sokusika.Endaweni eyi-occlusal, amachashazi abomvu aphawula i-cusp ngayinye njengelondoloziwe, futhi imicibisholo ebomvu ikhombisa lapho kuqoshwa khona lapho usikwa i-wax block.Ukumodela kwe-3D kwezingxenye ezigciniwe nezisusiwe kuvumela ukuqinisekiswa kwe-morphology yezingxenye ezisusiwe phakathi nezinyathelo ezilandelayo zokuqopha i-wax block.
Dala ukulingiswa kokuqala kwezinto ze-3D ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo inqubo yokubaza izinyo.a: Ubuso bukaMesial be-maxillary first premolar;b: Izindebe ze-labial eziphakeme kancane futhi ze-mesial ze-maxillary first premolar;c: ubuso bukaMesial be-maxillary first molar;d: Ingaphezulu elincane le-maxillary yokuqala ye-molar ne-mesiobuccal surface.phezulu.B - isihlathi;umsindo we-labial;M - umsindo ophakathi.
Izinto ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D) zimelela inqubo yesinyathelo nesinyathelo yokusika amazinyo.Lesi sithombe sibonisa into ye-3D eqediwe ngemuva kwenqubo yokumodeliswa ye-molar yokuqala enkulu, sibonisa imininingwane nokuthungwa kwesinyathelo ngasinye esilandelayo.Idatha yesibili yemodeli ye-3D ihlanganisa into yokugcina ye-3D ethuthukisiwe kudivayisi yeselula.Imigqa enamachashazi imelela izingxenye ezihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo zezinyo, futhi izigaba ezihlukanisiwe zimelela lezo okufanele zikhishwe ngaphambi kokuba ingxenye equkethe umugqa oqinile ingafakwa.Umcibisholo obomvu we-3D ubonisa isiqondiso sokusika izinyo, indilinga ebomvu endaweni ekude ikhombisa indawo yokuthintana nezinyo, futhi isilinda esibomvu endaweni ye-occlusal ikhombisa ukugoba kwezinyo.a: imigqa enamachashazi, imigqa eqinile, imibuthano ebomvu endaweni ekude nezinyathelo ezibonisa ibhulokhi ye-wax ekhiphekayo.b: Ukuqeda cishe ukwakheka kwe-molar yokuqala yomhlathi ongaphezulu.c: Ukubuka kwemininingwane ye-maxillary yokuqala ye-molar, umcibisholo obomvu ubonisa isiqondiso sezinyo nentambo yesikhala, i-cylindrical cusp ebomvu, umugqa oqinile ubonisa ingxenye okufanele isikwe endaweni e-occlusal.d: Gcwalisa i-maxillary first molar.
Ukuze kube lula ukuhlonzwa kwezinyathelo zokuqopha ezilandelanayo kusetshenziswa idivayisi yeselula, omaka bezithombe abane balungiselelwa i-mandibular first molar, i-mandibular first premolar, i-maxillary first molar, ne-maxillary canine.Omaka bezithombe baklanywe kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ye-Photoshop (2020, Adobe Co., Ltd., San Jose, CA) futhi basebenzisa izimpawu zezinombolo eziyindilinga kanye nephethini yangemuva ephindaphindayo ukuze kuhlukaniswe izinyo ngalinye, njengoba kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 4. Dala omaka bezithombe zekhwalithi ephezulu usebenzisa injini ye-Vuforia (isofthiwe yokudala umaka we-AR), futhi udale futhi ulondoloze izimpawu zesithombe usebenzisa injini ye-Unity ngemva kokuthola izinga lokuqashelwa lezinkanyezi ezinhlanu lohlobo olulodwa lwesithombe.Imodeli yezinyo le-3D ixhunyaniswa kancane kancane nezimpawu zesithombe, futhi indawo yayo nosayizi kunqunywa ngokusekelwe kumaka.Isebenzisa injini ye-Unity nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android ezingafakwa kumadivayisi eselula.
Umaka wesithombe.Lezi zithombe zibonisa omaka bezithombe abasetshenziswe kulolu cwaningo, ikhamera yedivayisi yeselula eyibona ngohlobo lwamazinyo (inombolo kumbuthano ngamunye).a: i-molar yokuqala ye-mandible;b: i-premolar yokuqala ye-mandible;c: i-maxillary yokuqala ye-molar;d: i-maxillary canine.
Ababambiqhaza baqashwa ekilasini lokuqala lomsebenzi wokufunda kwamazinyo woMnyango Wezokuhlanzeka Kwamazinyo, eNyuvesi yaseSeong, eGyeonggi-do.Abangase babambe iqhaza baziswe ngalokhu okulandelayo: (1) Ukubamba iqhaza kuwukuzithandela futhi akubandakanyi noma iyiphi iholo lezezimali noma lezemfundo;(2) Iqembu elilawulayo lizosebenzisa amamodeli epulasitiki, futhi iqembu lokuhlola lizosebenzisa uhlelo lweselula lwe-AR;(3) ukuhlolwa kuzohlala amasonto amathathu futhi kubandakanya amazinyo amathathu;(4) Abasebenzisi be-Android bazothola isixhumanisi sokufaka uhlelo lokusebenza, futhi abasebenzisi be-iOS bazothola idivayisi ye-Android efakwe i-AR-TCPT;(5) I-AR-TCTP izosebenza ngendlela efanayo kuzo zombili izinhlelo;(6) Yabela ngokungahleliwe iqembu lokulawula kanye neqembu lokuhlola;(7) Ukuqoshwa kwamazinyo kuzokwenziwa ezindaweni zokucwaninga ezehlukene;(8) Ngemva kokuhlolwa, kuzokwenziwa izifundo ezingu-22;(9) Iqembu elilawulayo lingasebenzisa i-AR-TCPT ngemva kokuhlolwa.Isamba sabahlanganyeli abangama-52 bavolontiya, futhi ifomu lemvume eliku-inthanethi latholwa kubahlanganyeli ngamunye.Ukulawula (n = 26) namaqembu okuhlola (n = 26) anikezwe ngokungahleliwe kusetshenziswa umsebenzi ongahleliwe ku-Microsoft Excel (2016, Redmond, USA).Umfanekiso 5 ubonisa ukuqashwa kwabahlanganyeli kanye nedizayini yokuhlola eshadini eligelezayo.
Idizayini yocwaningo yokuhlola okuhlangenwe nakho kwabahlanganyeli ngamamodeli epulasitiki kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zangempela ezinwetshiwe.
Kusukela ngomhla ka-27 Mashi 2023, iqembu lokuhlola neqembu lokulawula lasebenzisa i-AR-TCPT namamodeli epulasitiki ukuze aqophe amazinyo amathathu, ngokulandelana, amaviki amathathu.Abahlanganyeli baqophe ama-premolars nama-molar, okuhlanganisa i-molar yokuqala ye-mandibular, i-premolar yokuqala yokuqala, kanye ne-maxillary first premolar, konke okunezici ze-morphological eziyinkimbinkimbi.I-maxillary canines ayifakiwe emfanekisweni.Abahlanganyeli banamahora amathathu ngesonto ukusika izinyo.Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwezinyo, amamodeli epulasitiki kanye nezimpawu zezithombe zokulawula kanye namaqembu okuhlola, ngokulandelana, akhishwe.Ngaphandle kokubonwa kwelebula yesithombe, izinto zamazinyo ze-3D azithuthukisiwe yi-AR-TCTP.Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusetshenziswa kwamanye amathuluzi okuprakthiza, amaqembu okuhlola nawokulawula aprakthiza ukuqopha amazinyo emakamelweni ahlukene.Impendulo mayelana nokuma kwamazinyo yanikezwa emasontweni amathathu ngemva kokuphela kokuhlolwa ukuze kukhawulwe umthelela wemiyalelo kathisha.Uhlu lwemibuzo lwaphathwa ngemva kokuqedwa kokusikwa kwe-molars yokuqala ye-mandibular ngesonto lesithathu lika-April.Uhlu lwemibuzo olulungisiwe oluvela ku-Sanders et al.Alfala et al.usebenzise imibuzo engama-23 evela ku-[26].[27] uhlole umehluko wokuma kwenhliziyo phakathi kwezinsimbi zokuzijwayeza.Kodwa-ke, kulolu cwaningo, into eyodwa yokukhwabanisa okuqondile ezingeni ngalinye yayikhishiwe ku-Alfalah et al.[27].Izinto ezingu-22 ezisetshenziswe kulolu cwaningo ziboniswa kuThebula 1. Amaqembu okulawula nawokuhlola ayenamanani e-α ka-Cronbach angu-0.587 kanye no-0.912, ngokulandelanayo.
Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isofthiwe yezibalo ye-SPSS (v25.0, IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA).Ukuhlolwa kokubaluleka kwezinhlangothi ezimbili kwenziwa ngezinga lokubaluleka elingu-0.05.Ukuhlolwa okuqondile kukaFisher kwasetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya izici ezivamile ezifana nobulili, ubudala, indawo yokuhlala, nolwazi lokubaza kwamazinyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusatshalaliswa kwalezi zici phakathi kwamaqembu okulawula kanye nokuhlola.Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-Shapiro-Wilk ibonise ukuthi idatha yocwaningo ayizange isatshalaliswe ngokujwayelekile (p <0.05).Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa okungajwayelekile kwe-Mann-Whitney U kusetshenziswe ukuqhathanisa amaqembu okulawula nawokuhlola.
Amathuluzi asetshenziswa abahlanganyeli phakathi nomsebenzi wokubaza amazinyo akhonjiswe kuMfanekiso 6. Umfanekiso 6a ubonisa imodeli yepulasitiki, futhi Izibalo 6b-d zibonisa i-AR-TCPT esetshenziswa kumakhalekhukhwini.I-AR-TCPT isebenzisa ikhamera yedivayisi ukuhlonza omaka besithombe futhi ibonise into yamazinyo ye-3D ethuthukisiwe esikrinini ababambiqhaza abangayikhohlisa futhi bayibone ngesikhathi sangempela.Izinkinobho "Okulandelayo" kanye "Nedlule" yedivayisi yeselula ikuvumela ukuthi ubhekisise ngokuningiliziwe izigaba zokuqopha kanye nezici ze-morphological zamazinyo.Ukuze udale izinyo, abasebenzisi be-AR-TCPT baqhathanisa ngokulandelana imodeli esesikrinini ye-3D ethuthukisiwe yezinyo ngebhulokhi ye-wax.
Prakthiza ukuqopha amazinyo.Lesi sithombe sibonisa ukuqhathanisa phakathi komkhuba wokuqopha amazinyo endabuko (i-TCP) kusetshenziswa amamodeli epulasitiki kanye ne-TCP yesinyathelo nesinyathelo kusetshenziswa amathuluzi engokoqobo e-augmented.Abafundi bangabuka izinyathelo zokubaza ze-3D ngokuchofoza izinkinobho Ezilandelayo kanye Nangaphambili.a: Imodeli yepulasitiki kusethi yamamodeli esinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokuqopha amazinyo.b: I-TCP isebenzisa ithuluzi elingokoqobo elingathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona esigabeni sokuqala se-mandibular first premolar.c: I-TCP isebenzisa ithuluzi elingokoqobo elingathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona ngesikhathi sesigaba sokugcina sokubunjwa kwe-mandibular yokuqala ye-premolar.d: Inqubo yokuhlonza ama-ridge nemisele.I-IM, ilebula yesithombe;MD, idivayisi yeselula;I-NSB, inkinobho ethi “Okulandelayo”;PSB, inkinobho "Okwangaphambilini";I-SMD, umnikazi wedivayisi yeselula;I-TC, umshini wokuqopha wamazinyo;W, i-wax block
Kwakungekho mehluko obalulekile phakathi kwamaqembu amabili abahlanganyeli abakhethwe ngokungahleliwe ngokobulili, ubudala, indawo yokuhlala, nolwazi lokuqopha amazinyo (p > 0.05).Iqembu lokulawula lalinabesifazane abangu-96.2% (n = 25) kanye nabesilisa abangu-3.8% (n = 1), kanti iqembu lokuhlola lalinabesifazane kuphela (n = 26).Iqembu lokulawula laliqukethe u-61.5% (n = 16) wabahlanganyeli abaneminyaka engu-20, 26.9% (n = 7) wabahlanganyeli abaneminyaka engu-21, kanye no-11.5% (n = 3) wabahlanganyeli abaneminyaka engu-≥ iminyaka engu-22, bese kuba ukulawula kokuhlola. iqembu lalinamaphesenti angu-73.1 (n = 19) wabahlanganyeli abaneminyaka engu-20 ubudala, i-19.2% (n = 5) yabahlanganyeli abaneminyaka engu-21, kanye no-7.7% (n = 2) wabahlanganyeli abaneminyaka engu-≥ iminyaka engu-22.Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, i-69.2% (n=18) yeqembu elilawulayo yayihlala e-Gyeonggi-do, futhi i-23.1% (n=6) ihlala e-Seoul.Uma kuqhathaniswa, i-50.0% (n = 13) yeqembu lokuhlola lalihlala e-Gyeonggi-do, futhi i-46.2% (n = 12) yahlala eSeoul.Ingxenye yokulawula namaqembu okuhlola ahlala e-Incheon yayingu-7.7% (n = 2) no-3.8% (n = 1), ngokulandelanayo.Eqenjini lokulawula, abahlanganyeli be-25 (96.2%) babengenalo ulwazi lwangaphambilini lokuqopha amazinyo.Ngokufanayo, abahlanganyeli be-26 (100%) eqenjini lokuhlola babengenayo isipiliyoni sangaphambilini sokuqopha amazinyo.
Ithebula lesi-2 lethula izibalo ezichazayo kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwezibalo zezimpendulo zeqembu ngalinye ezintweni ezingu-22 zohlolovo.Kube khona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaqembu ezimpendulweni zohlu lwemibuzo ngalunye lwe-22 (p <0.01).Uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu elilawulayo, iqembu lokuhlola libe nenani eliphakeme lamaphuzu ezintweni ezingu-21 zohlu lwemibuzo.Kumbuzo 20 (Q20) kuphela wohlu lwemibuzo lapho iqembu lokulawula lithole amaphuzu aphezulu kuneqembu lokuhlola.I-histogram ku-Figure 7 ibonisa umehluko kumaphuzu amaphakathi phakathi kwamaqembu.Ithebula 2;Umfanekiso 7 futhi ubonisa imiphumela yesipiliyoni somsebenzisi kuphrojekthi ngayinye.Eqenjini lokulawula, into enamagoli amaningi ibinombuzo Q21, futhi into enamagoli aphansi ibinombuzo Q6.Eqenjini lokuhlola, into enamaphuzu amaningi ibinombuzo Q13, futhi into enamagoli aphansi ibinombuzo Q20.Njengoba kuboniswe ku-Figure 7, umehluko omkhulu kunawo wonke phakathi kweqembu lokulawula kanye neqembu lokuhlola ubonwa ku-Q6, futhi umehluko omncane kakhulu ubonwa ku-Q22.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwezikolo zohlu lwemibuzo.Igrafu yebha eqhathanisa amaphuzu amaphakathi eqembu lokulawula lisebenzisa imodeli yepulasitiki neqembu lokuhlola lisebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwangempela lokungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona.I-AR-TCPT, ithuluzi lokuzijwayeza le-augmented reality elisekelwe ekudwebeni kwamazinyo.
Ubuchwepheshe be-AR buya ngokuya buduma emikhakheni eyahlukene yodokotela bamazinyo, okuhlanganisa ubuhle bomtholampilo, ukuhlinzwa ngomlomo, ubuchwepheshe bokubuyisela esimweni, i-morphology yamazinyo kanye ne-implantology, kanye nokulingiswa [28, 29, 30, 31].Isibonelo, i-Microsoft HoloLens ihlinzeka ngamathuluzi angokoqobo athuthukisiwe ukuthuthukisa imfundo yamazinyo nokuhlela ukuhlinzwa [32].Ubuchwepheshe obungokoqobo obubonakalayo buhlinzeka ngendawo yokulingisa yokufundisa i-morphology yamazinyo [33].Nakuba lezi zibonisi ezisekelwe ekhanda ezincike ku-hardware ethuthukisiwe zingakatholakali kabanzi emfundweni yamazinyo, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AR eziphathwayo zingathuthukisa amakhono okusebenza emtholampilo futhi zisize abasebenzisi baqonde ngokushesha i-anatomy [34, 35].Ubuchwepheshe be-AR bungaphinda bakhulise umdlandla wabafundi kanye nentshisekelo yokufunda i-morphology yamazinyo futhi bunikeze ulwazi lokufunda olusebenzisanayo noluhehayo [36].Amathuluzi okufunda e-AR asiza abafundi ukuba babone ngeso lengqondo izinqubo zamazinyo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye ne-anatomy ku-3D [37], okubalulekile ekuqondeni i-morphology yamazinyo.
Umthelela wamamodeli wamazinyo epulasitiki aphrintiwe we-3D ekufundiseni i-morphology yamazinyo usuvele ungcono kunezincwadi zokufunda ezinezithombe ze-2D nezincazelo [38].Kodwa-ke, ukwenziwa kwedijithali kwezemfundo nenqubekela phambili yezobuchwepheshe kwenze kwadingeka ukwethula amadivaysi ahlukahlukene kanye nobuchwepheshe ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kanye nemfundo yezokwelapha, okuhlanganisa imfundo yamazinyo [35].Othisha babhekene nenselele yokufundisa imiqondo eyinkimbinkimbi emkhakheni oshintshayo ngokushesha futhi oguquguqukayo [39], odinga ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi ahlukahlukene okusebenza ngezandla ngaphezu kwamamodeli endabuko e-resin yamazinyo ukusiza abafundi emsebenzini wokuqopha amazinyo.Ngakho-ke, lolu cwaningo lunikeza ithuluzi elisebenzayo le-AR-TCPT elisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-AR ukuze lisize ekwenzeni i-morphology yamazinyo.
Ucwaningo ngolwazi lomsebenzisi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AR lubalulekile ekuqondeni izici ezithonya ukusetshenziswa kwe-multimedia [40].Okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle komsebenzisi we-AR kunganquma isiqondiso sokuthuthuka nokuthuthukiswa kwayo, okuhlanganisa inhloso yayo, ukusetshenziswa kalula, ukusebenza kahle, ukubonisa ulwazi, nokusebenzisana [41].Njengoba kuboniswe kuThebula 2, ngaphandle kwe-Q20, iqembu lokuhlola elisebenzisa i-AR-TCPT lithole izilinganiso zokuhlangenwe nakho okuphezulu komsebenzisi uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu lokulawula lisebenzisa amamodeli epulasitiki.Uma kuqhathaniswa namamodeli epulasitiki, isipiliyoni sokusebenzisa i-AR-TCPT emisebenzini yokuqopha amazinyo ikalwe kakhulu.Ukuhlola kufaka phakathi ukuqonda, ukubona ngamehlo engqondo, ukuqaphela, ukuphindaphinda, ukuba wusizo kwamathuluzi, nokuhlukahluka kwemibono.Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-AR-TCPT zifaka ukuqonda okusheshayo, ukuzulazula okuphumelelayo, ukonga isikhathi, ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okuqopha kusengaphambili, ukufakwa okuphelele, ukufunda okuthuthukisiwe, ukuncika kwezincwadi zokufunda, kanye nesimo sokusebenzisana, esijabulisayo, nesifundisayo solwazi.I-AR-TCPT futhi isiza ukusebenzisana namanye amathuluzi okuzijwayeza futhi inikeza imibono ecacile ngemibono eminingi.
Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 7, i-AR-TCPT ihlongoze iphuzu elingeziwe embuzweni 20: ukusebenzelana kwesithombe esibanzi esibonisa zonke izinyathelo zokuqoshwa kwamazinyo kuyadingeka ukuze kusizwe abafundi baqophe amazinyo.Ukuboniswa kwayo yonke inqubo yokuqopha amazinyo kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okubaza amazinyo ngaphambi kokwelapha iziguli.Iqembu lokuhlola lithole amaphuzu aphezulu ku-Q13, umbuzo obalulekile ohlobene nokusiza ukuthuthukisa amakhono okuqopha amazinyo nokuthuthukisa amakhono omsebenzisi ngaphambi kokwelapha iziguli, okugqamisa amandla aleli thuluzi emisebenzini yokuqopha amazinyo.Abasebenzisi bafuna ukusebenzisa amakhono abawafundayo esimweni somtholampilo.Kodwa-ke, izifundo zokulandelela ziyadingeka ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthuthukiswa kanye nempumelelo yamakhono angempela okubaza amazinyo.Umbuzo wesi-6 ubuze ukuthi ingabe amamodeli epulasitiki ne-AR-TCTP angasetshenziswa uma kunesidingo, futhi izimpendulo zalo mbuzo zibonise umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaqembu amabili.Njengohlelo lokusebenza lweselula, i-AR-TCPT ibonakale isebenziseka kalula uma iqhathaniswa namamodeli epulasitiki.Kodwa-ke, kuhlala kunzima ukufakazela ukuphumelela kwezemfundo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AR ngokusekelwe kulwazi lomsebenzisi kuphela.Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuhlola umphumela we-AR-TCTP kumathebulethi amazinyo aqediwe.Kodwa-ke, kulolu cwaningo, izilinganiso zokuhlangenwe nakho okuphezulu komsebenzisi kwe-AR-TCPT kukhombisa amandla ayo njengethuluzi elisebenzayo.
Lolu cwaningo lokuqhathanisa lubonisa ukuthi i-AR-TCPT ingaba enye indlela ebalulekile noma umphelelisi wamamodeli epulasitiki endabuko emahhovisi wamazinyo, njengoba ithole izilinganiso ezinhle kakhulu ngokwesipiliyoni somsebenzisi.Kodwa-ke, ukunquma ukuphakama kwayo kuzodinga ukulinganisa okwengeziwe ngabafundisi bethambo eliqoshiwe eliphakathi nendawo lokugcina.Ukwengeza, ithonya lomehluko ngamunye emakhonweni okubona kwendawo enqubweni yokubaza kanye nezinyo lokugcina nalo lidinga ukuhlaziywa.Amakhono wamazinyo ayahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu, okungathinta inqubo yokuqopha kanye nezinyo lokugcina.Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukufakazela ukusebenza kahle kwe-AR-TCPT njengethuluzi lesenzo sokuqopha amazinyo kanye nokuqonda indima yokuhlela nokulamula yohlelo lwe-AR enqubweni yokubaza.Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele lugxile ekuhloleni ukuthuthukiswa nokuhlolwa kwamathuluzi e-morphology yamazinyo kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe be-HoloLens AR.
Kafushane, lolu cwaningo lubonisa amandla e-AR-TCPT njengethuluzi lokuzijwayeza ukuqopha amazinyo njengoba luhlinzeka abafundi ngolwazi olusha nolwenziwayo lokufunda.Uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu lemodeli yepulasitiki evamile, iqembu le-AR-TCPT libonise amaphuzu aphezulu kakhulu okuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi, okuhlanganisa izinzuzo ezifana nokuqonda okusheshayo, ukufunda okuthuthukisiwe, nokuncipha kokuncika kwezincwadi zokufunda.Ngobuchwepheshe bayo obujwayelekile kanye nokusebenziseka kalula, i-AR-TCPT inikeza enye indlela ethembisayo kumathuluzi epulasitiki endabuko futhi ingasiza abasanda kuhlanganyela ekuqopheni i-3D.Nokho, ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwayo kwezemfundo, kuhlanganise nomthelela wayo emakhonweni abantu okuqopha kanye nenani lamazinyo abaziwe.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-25-2023