Ubuchwepheshe obuqiniso be-Augmented Reality (AR) bufakazelwe ngempumelelo ekuboniseni imininingwane kanye nokunikeza izinto ze-3D. Yize abafundi bavame ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AR ngamadivayisi eselula, amamodeli epulasitiki noma izithombe ze-2D zisasetshenziswa kabanzi emithini yokusika amazinyo. Ngenxa yohlobo olunezici ezintathu zamazinyo, abafundi bamazinyo ababafundi babhekana nezinselelo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamathuluzi atholakalayo anikeza isiqondiso esingaguquki. Kulolu cwaningo, sakha ithuluzi lokuqeqesha lamazinyo elisuselwa ku-AR-based Dental (AR-TCPT) futhi saliqhathanisa nemodeli yepulasitiki ukuhlola amandla alo njengethuluzi lokuzilolonga kanye nesipiliyoni esisetshenziswayo.
Ukuze silingise amazinyo okusika, sidale ngempumelelo into ye-3D ehlanganisa i-mandillary canine kanye ne-maxillary yokuqala uMnyango wokuqala (Isinyathelo 16), umkhathithuli wokuqala we-mandibalar (Isinyathelo 13). Amamaki wesithombe adalwe kusetshenziswa isoftware ye-Photoshop yabelwa izinyo ngalinye. Uthuthukiswe uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula olususelwa ku-AR-based lusebenzisa injini ye-Unity. Okokuqoshwa kwamazinyo, ababambiqhaza abangama-52 babelwelwa ngokungahleliwe eqenjini lokulawula (n = 26; besebenzisa amamodeli okuma amazinyo) noma iqembu lokuhlola (n = 26; besebenzisa i-AR-TCPT). Kusetshenziswa uhlu lwemibuzo oluningi lwama-22 lusetshenziselwa ukuhlola okuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi. Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha kokuqhathanisa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-Nonparametric Mann-Whitney U Vivity ngohlelo lwe-SPSS.
I-AR-TCPPT isebenzisa ikhamera yeselula ukuthola amamaki wesithombe futhi ubonise izinto ze-3D zezingcezu zamazinyo. Abasebenzisi bangakhohlisa idivaysi ukubukeza isinyathelo ngasinye noma batadishe ukwakheka kwezinyo. Imiphumela yocwaningo lokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi ikhombise lokho kuqhathaniswa neqembu lokulawula kusetshenziswa amamodeli epulasitiki, iqembu lokuhlola le-AR-TCPT lishaye amaphuzu aphakeme kakhulu ezintweni ezibangelwa amazinyo.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namamodeli wepulasitiki wendabuko, i-AR-TCPT ihlinzeka ngokuhlangenwe nakho okungcono komsebenzisi lapho amazinyo ebiza. Ithuluzi kulula ukufinyelela ngalo njengoba lenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ngabasebenzisi kumadivayisi eselula. Kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuthola umthelela wokufundisa we-AR-TCTP ngokuqanjwa kwamazinyo aqoshiwe kanye namakhono okuqothuka womsebenzisi ngamunye.
I-Dental Morphology kanye nokuzivocavoca okusebenzayo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yekharikhulamu yamazinyo. Le khosi inikeza umhlahlandlela wethiyori futhi osebenzayo kwi-morphology, ukusebenza nokuqondisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinyo lamazinyo [1, 2]. Indlela yendabuko yokufundisa ukutadisha ngokweqiniso bese wenza izinyo lokubaza ngezinyo ezisuselwa ezimisweni ezifundiwe. Abafundi basebenzisa izithombe ezinobukhulu obukhulu (2D) zamazinyo namamodeli epulasitiki ukukala amazinyo acwebezele emabhulokini e-wax noma ama-3,4,5]. Ukuqonda i-morphology yamazinyo kubalulekile ekwelashweni kokubuyiselwa kanye nokwakheka kokubuyiselwa kwamazinyo ekusebenzeni kwemitholampilo. Ubudlelwano obulungile phakathi kwamazinyo namazinyo aphezulu, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngesimo sabo, kubalulekile ukuze ulondoloze i-Occulical kanye nokwenza uzinzo okungu-6, 7]. Yize izifundo zamazinyo zingasiza abafundi ukuthi bathole ukuqonda okuphelele kwe-morphology yamazinyo, basabhekene nezinselelo kwinqubo yokusika ehlotshaniswa nemikhuba yendabuko.
Abasanda kufika emkhakheni we-Dental Morphology babhekene nenselelo yokutolika nokukhiqiza kabusha izithombe ze-2D ngobukhulu obuthathu (3,9,9,10]. Izimo zamazinyo zivame ukuvezwa imidwebo noma izithombe ezimbili, okuholela ebunzimeni bokubona ngeso lengqondo i-morphology yamazinyo. Ngokwengeziwe, isidingo sokwenza ngokushesha amazinyo esikhaleni esilinganiselwe nesikhathi, okuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe ze-2D, kwenza kube nzima kubafundi ukucacisa nokubona ngeso lengqondo amajamo we-3D [11]. Yize amamodeli amazinyo epulasitiki (angethulwa njengoba kuqedwa ngokwengxenye noma ngefomu lokugcina) asize ekufundiseni, ukusetshenziswa kwazo kukhawulelwe ngoba amamodeli epulasitiki athengiswayo avame ukucaciswa futhi anciphise amathuba okuzijwayeza kothisha nakubafundi [4]. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la mamodeli wokuzivocavoca aphethwe yisikhungo semfundo futhi akakwazi ukuphathwa ngabafundi ngawodwana, okuholele ekukhulisekeni umthwalo wokuzivocavoca ngesikhathi sekilasi elabelwe. Abaqeqeshi bavame ukufundisa inani elikhulu labafundi ngesikhathi sokuzijwayeza futhi livame ukuthembela ezindleleni zendabuko zendabuko, ezingaholela ekulindeni isikhathi eside ukuthola impendulo ephakathi kwezigaba ezi-12. Ngakho-ke, kunesidingo senkomba eqoshwayo yokwenza lula umkhuba wokubaza izinyo kanye nokunciphisa ukulinganiselwa okubekwe ngamamodeli epulasitiki.
Ubuchwepheshe obungokoqobo obungokoqobo (AR) ubuchwepheshe buvele njengethuluzi elithembisayo lokuthuthukisa ulwazi lokufunda. Ngokuhlanganisa imininingwane yedijithali kwimvelo yangempela, ubuchwepheshe be-AR bunganikeza abafundi ngokuhlangenwe nakho okusebenzisana nokuntywila [13]. UGarzón [14] wadonsela eminyakeni engama-25 yezizukulwane ezintathu zokuhlukaniswa kwezifundo ze-AR futhi waveza ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi eselula angenazindleko kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza (ngamadivayisi eselula kanye nezicelo) esizukulwaneni sesibili se-AR zithuthukise kakhulu ukufinyeleleka kwemfundo Izici. . Uma usudaliwe futhi ufakiwe, izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula zivumela ikhamera ukuthi ibone futhi ibonise imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nezinto ezaziwayo, ngaleyo ndlela zithuthukise isipiliyoni somsebenzisi [15, 16]. Ubuchwepheshe be-AR busebenza ngokubona ngokushesha ikhodi noma umaki wesithombe kusuka kwikhamera yedivayisi yeselula, kuboniswa imininingwane ye-3D egcwele kakhulu lapho kutholwa [17]. Ngokubhala amadivaysi eselula noma amamaki wesithombe, abasebenzisi bangabheka kalula futhi baqonde futhi baqonde izakhiwo ze-3D [18]. Ekubuyekezweni ngu-Akçayır no-AKçayır [19], i-AR yatholakala ukuthi yandisa "imnandi" futhi ngempumelelo "ukukhulisa amazinga okufunda." Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobunzima bemininingwane, ubuchwepheshe bungaba "nzima abafundi ukuthi basebenzise" futhi bangeze "ukugcwaliswa ngokweqile kwengqondo," kudinga izincomo ezengeziwe zokufundisa [19, 20, 21]. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kwenziwe imizamo ukuze kuthuthukiswe inani lemfundo le-A ngokwenyuka kokusebenziseka kanye nokunciphisa ukugcwala ngokweqile komsebenzi. Lezi zinto zidinga ukubhekwa lapho usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-AR ukudala amathuluzi wokufundisa ngomkhuba wokubaza izinyo.
Ukuqondisa ngempumelelo abafundi ekuqongelweni kwamazinyo usebenzisa izindawo ze-AR, kufanele kulandelwe inqubo eqhubekayo. Le ndlela ingasiza ekunciphiseni ukuhlukahluka nokukhuthaza ukutholwa kwamakhono [22]. Ukuqala kwabalingisi kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yomsebenzi wabo ngokulandela inqubo yokuqoshwa kwezinyo yesinyathelo sedijithali [23]. Eqinisweni, indlela yokuqeqeshwa ngezinyathelo ngesinyathelo ikhonjiswe ukuthi isebenza kahle kumakhono okuqothula ngesikhathi esifushane nokunciphisa amaphutha ekwakhiweni kokugcina kokubuyiselwa [okungu-24]. Emkhakheni wokuvuselelwa kwamazinyo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinqubo eziqoshiwe ebusweni bamazinyo kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokusiza abafundi bathuthukise amakhono abo [25]. Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuthuthukisa ithuluzi lokuzilolonga lamazinyo asuselwa ku-AR-based Dental (AR-TCPT) elilungele amadivayisi eselula futhi lihlole isipiliyoni saso somsebenzisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lufanisa isipiliyoni somsebenzisi se-AR-TCPT ngamamodeli wendabuko wamazinyo amazinyo okuhlola amandla e-AR-TCPT njengethuluzi elisebenzayo.
I-AR-TCPT yenzelwe amadivayisi eselula esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-AR. Leli thuluzi lenzelwe ukudala amamodeli we-step-by-step amamodeli we-maxillary canines, ama-mandillary okokuqala, umvuzo wokuqala we-mandibular, kanye ne-mandiberalar kuqala molars. Imodeli yokuqala ye-3D yenziwa isebenzisa i-3D Studio Max (2019, AutodeSk Inc., USA), kanye ne-Final Modeling yenziwa kusetshenziswa iphakethe lesoftware ye-zbrush 3D (2019, Pixelogic Inc., USA). Ukumakwa kwesithombe kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isoftware ye-Photoshop (i-Adobe Master CC 2019, i-Adobe Inc., e-USA), enzelwe ukuqashelwa okuzinzile ngamakhamera weselula, eVuforia Injini (PTC Inc., i-HTSA; I-USA; com)). Isicelo se-AR sisetshenziswa kusetshenziswa injini ye-Unity (Mashi 12, 2019, ubuchwepheshe obunobumbano, e-USA) futhi bafakiwe ngemuva kwalokho bafakwa kudivayisi ephathekayo. Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwe-AR-TCPT njengethuluzi lokuzijwayeza kwamazinyo, ababambiqhaza bakhethwe ngokungahleliwe kusuka ekilasini lamazinyo le-morphology le-2023 ukwakha iqembu elilawulayo neqembu lokuhlola. Abahlanganyeli eqenjini lokuhlola basebenzise i-AR-TCPT, kanye neqembu elilawulayo lasebenzisa amamodeli epulasitiki kusuka ku-Kit Corving Corving Isinyathelo Model Model Model Model Model Model Model Model Model Model Model Model Model Model Model Model Model Model Model Model Model Model Model Model (NISSIn Dental Co, Japan). Japan). Japan). Japan). Japan). Japan). Japan). Japan). Japan). Japan). Japan). Japan). Japan). Japan). Japan). Japan). Japan). Japan). Japan). Japan). Japan). Japan). Japan). Japan). Japan). Japan). Ngemuva kokuphothula umsebenzi wokusika amazinyo, isipiliyoni somsebenzisi se-Hands-on ngayinye saphenywa futhi siqhathaniswa. Ukugeleza komklamo wocwaningo kuboniswa kuMfanekiso 1. Lolu cwaningo lwenziwe ngokuvunywa kweBhodi Yesicelo Sezikhungo zeSouth Seoul National University (Inombolo ye-IRB: NSU-202210-003).
Imodeli ye-3D isetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ngokungaguquki kwezimpawu ze-morphological zezakhiwo ezibonakalayo zezinhlaka zezinkomba ze-mes, distal, buccal, izilimi kanye ne-occulul. I-mandillary canine kanye namazinyo okuqala nge-maxillary mbukiso wezandulelo afanekiselwa njenge-level 16, uMkhathi wokuqala we-Mandibar anjenge-Level 13, kanye ne-molar yokuqala ye-Andibalar njengezingxenye ezidinga ukususwa futhi zigcinwe ngokulandelana kwamafilimu wamazinyo , njengoba kukhonjisiwe kwisibalo. 2 Ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokuqopha, ingaphezulu ngalinye linemibala elinamakhodi ukukhombisa ukuma kwalo, futhi i-wax block imakwe ngemigqa eqinile ekhombisa izingxenye ezidinga ukususwa. Izindawo ze-Messial and Distal of the Izinyo zimakwe ngamachashazi abomvu ukukhombisa amaphuzu okuxhumana ngezinyo okuzohlala njengokuqagelwa futhi ngeke asuswe ngesikhathi senqubo yokusika. Esikhathini sendawo, amachashazi abomvu umaka i-cusp ngayinye njengoba igcinwe, futhi imicibisholo ebomvu ikhombisa ukuqondiswa kokuqopha lapho usika ibhulokhi le-wax. Imodeli ye-3D yezingxenye ezigciniwe nezisusiwe ivumela ukuqinisekiswa kwe-morphology yezingxenye ezisusiwe ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo ze-wax block standary.
Dala ukumbumbuluzwa kokuqala kwezinto ze-3D kwinqubo yokuqoshwa kwezinyo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo. A: indawo ye-mesial ye-maxillary yokuqala ingemuva; B: Izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu nangokwezindawo eziphakeme ze-savillary yokuqala ye-maxillary; C: indawo ye-mesial ye-macillary yokuqala i-molar; D: Ingaphezulu le-MaxIllary lincane le-maxillary lokuqala i-molar ne-mesiobuccal ebusweni. ingaphezulu. B - isihlathi; I-LA - umsindo we-sabial; M - umsindo wempilo.
Izinto ezinobukhulu obuthathu (3D) zibonisa inqubo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokusika amazinyo. Lesi sithombe sibonisa into eseqediwe ye-3D ngemuva kwenqubo yokuqala ye-maxillary yokuqala ye-molar modeling, ekhombisa imininingwane kanye nokufakwa kwesinyathelo ngasinye esilandelayo. Idatha yesibili yokumodela ye-3D ifaka into yokugcina ye-3D ethuthukisiwe kudivayisi ephathekayo. Imigqa enamachashazi imele izingxenye ezihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo zamazinyo, futhi izingxenye ezihlukanisiwe zibonisa lokho okumele zisuswe ngaphambi kokuthi isigaba esiqukethe umugqa oqinile singafakwa. Umcibisholo obomvu we-3D ukhombisa ukuqondiswa kokusika kwezinyo, umbuthano obomvu endaweni ebomvu ukhombisa indawo yokuxhumana yamazinyo, futhi isilinda esibomvu sendawo yokwakha komhlaba sikhombisa i-cusp yezinyo. A: Imigqa emibi, imigqa eqinile, imibuthano ebomvu endaweni evuthiwe nezinyathelo ezibonisa i-wax block ebonakalayo. B: Ukuqedwa okulinganiselwayo kokwakheka kwe-molar yokuqala yomhlathi ongaphezulu. C: Ukubukwa kwemininingwane ye-maxillary yokuqala i-molar, umcibisholo obomvu ukhombisa ukuqondiswa kwezinyo ne-spacer ntambo, i-red cylindrical cusp, umugqa oqinile ukhombisa ukuthi ingxenye yokunqunywa ebusweni be-occususal. D: Qedela i-Maxillary yokuqala i-molar.
Ukwenza lula ukukhonjwa kwezinyathelo ezilandelanayo zokuqopha usebenzisa i-mobile, izimpawu ezine zesithombe zazilungiselelwe i-molar yokuqala ye-mandibular, i-mandibar yokuqala ingemuva, i-maxillary yokuqala i-molar, kanye ne-maxillary canine. Amamaki wesithombe aklanywe kusetshenziswa isoftware ye-Photoshop (2020, Adobe Co, Ltd., I-San Jose, i-CA) futhi asebenzise amathiphu wenombolo esetshenzisiwe I-VUFORIA Injini (isoftware ye-AR Marker Creation), futhi Dala futhi Gcina izimpawu zesithombe usebenzisa i-Unity Injini ngemuva kokuthola isilinganiso sokuqashelwa kwezinkanyezi ezinhlanu ngohlobo olulodwa lwesithombe. Imodeli yezinyo ze-3D ixhumeke kancane kancane kumakamu wesithombe, futhi isikhundla sayo nosayizi banqunywa ngokususelwa kumamaki. Isebenzisa injini ye-Unity nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android ezingafakwa kumadivayisi eselula.
Ithegi yesithombe. Lezi zithombe zibonisa amamaki wesithombe asetshenziswa kulolu cwaningo, okuyikhamera yedivayisi yeselula eyamukelwa yizinyo (inombolo embuthanweni ngamunye). A: I-nolar yokuqala ye-malible; B: UMPHERU WOKUQALA WOKUQALA; C: I-Maxillary Okokuqala Molar; D: UMaxillary Chonine.
Ababambiqhaza baqashwa kusukela ekilasini lokuqala elisebenzayo ekilasini lamazinyo morphology loMnyango Wezempilo Wamazinyo, Seong University, Gyeonggi-do. Ababambiqhaza abangahle baziswe ngokulandelayo: (1) Ukubamba iqhaza kuyinto yokuzithandela futhi akufaki noma iyiphi inkokhelo yezezimali noma yezemfundo; (2) Iqembu elilawulayo lizosebenzisa amamodeli epulasitiki, futhi iqembu lokuhlola lizosebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza le-AR mobile; (3) Ukuhlolwa kuzohlala amasonto amathathu futhi kubandakanya amazinyo amathathu; (4) Abasebenzisi be-Android bazothola isixhumanisi sokufaka uhlelo lokusebenza, nabasebenzisi be-iOS bazothola idivaysi ye-Android efakwe i-AR-TCPT; (5) I-AR-TCTP izosebenza ngendlela efanayo kuzo zombili izinhlelo; (6) Nikeza ngokungahleliwe iqembu elilawulayo neqembu lokuhlola; (7) Amazinyo abumba amazinyo azokwenziwa ezindaweni ezihlukile; (8) Ngemuva kokuhlolwa, kuzokwenziwa izifundo ezingama-22; (9) Iqembu elilawulayo lingasebenzisa i-AR-TCPT ngemuva kokuhlolwa. Bangu-52 ababambiqhaza abavolontiya, futhi kwatholakala ifomu lokuvuma eliku-inthanethi kulowo nalowo obambe iqhaza. I-control (n = 26) namaqembu okuhlola (n = 26) anikezwe ngokungahleliwe kusetshenziswa umsebenzi okungahleliwe ku-Microsoft Excel (2016, Redmond, e-USA). Umdwebo 5 ukhombisa ukuqashwa kwabahlanganyeli kanye nomklamo wokuhlola eshadini lokugeleza.
Idizayini yocwaningo ukuhlola okuhlangenwe nakho kwabahlanganyeli ngamamodeli epulasitiki kanye nezicelo ezingokoqobo ezingokoqobo.
Ukuqala ngoMashi 27, 2023, iqembu lokuhlola kanye neqembu elilawulayo lasebenzisa amamodeli we-AR-TCPT namamodeli epulasitiki ukukala amazinyo amathathu, ngokulandelana, amasonto amathathu. Ababambiqhaza bathuthukisiwe kanye nama-molars, kufaka phakathi i-molar yokuqala ye-mandibalar, umkhathimosokazi wokuqala we-mandibar, kanye nomkhathithukazi wokuqala we-maxillary, konke ngezici eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-morphological. Ama-maxillary canines awafakiwe kwisibazi. Abahlanganyeli banamahora amathathu ngesonto ukusika izinyo. Ngemuva kokuqanjwa kwezinyo, amamodeli epulasitiki nezimpawu zesithombe zamaqembu okulawula namaqembu okuhlola, ngokulandelana, akhishwe. Ngaphandle kokuqashelwa kwelebula lezithombe, izinto zamazinyo ze-3D azithuthukiswa yi-AR-TCTP. Ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwamanye amathuluzi wokuzilolonga, amaqembu okuhlola nawowakulawula akwenzayo amazinyo abumba amakamelo ahlukene. Impendulo ye-Took Shape ibinikezwe amasonto amathathu ngemuva kokuphela kokuhlolwa ukunciphisa umkhawulo wemiyalo yothisha. Uhlu lwemibuzo luhanjiswa ngemuva kokugawulwa kwezindunduma zokuqala ze-mandiberal kwaqedwa evikini lesithathu lika-Ephreli. Uhlu lwemibuzo oluguquliwe oluvela kwa-Sanders et al. I-Alfala et al. wasebenzisa imibuzo engama-23 kusuka [26]. [27] Kuhlolwe umehluko enhliziyweni yenhliziyo phakathi kwezinsimbi zokuzijwayeza. Kodwa-ke, kulolu cwaningo, into eyodwa yokukhohlisa okuqondile kulelo nalelo zinga ngaphandle kokufakwa ku-Alfalah et al. [27]. Izinto ezingama-22 ezisetshenziswe kulolu cwaningo zikhonjiswa kuThebula 1. Amaqembu okulawula kanye namaqembu okuhlola ayenamagugu ka-cronbach angu-0.587 no-0.912, ngokulandelana.
Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isoftware yezibalo ze-SPSS (V25.0, iBM Co, AROMK, NY, USA). Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo okunezinhlangothi ezimbili kwenziwa endaweni ebaluleke kakhulu kwe-0.05. Ukuhlolwa okuqondile kweFisher kwakusetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya izici ezijwayelekile njengokuthi ubulili, ubudala, indawo yokuhlala, kanye nesipiliyoni sokuqoba amazinyo ukuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kwalezi zici phakathi kwamaqembu okulawula kanye namaqembu okuhlola. Imiphumela yohlolo lwe-Shapero-Wilk ikhombise ukuthi idatha yocwaningo ibingavamisile ukusatshalaliswa (p <0.05). Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-nonparametric-Whitney U kusetshenziselwe ukuqhathanisa amaqembu okulawula namaqembu okuhlola.
Amathuluzi asetshenziswa ababambiqhaza ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca amazinyo aboniswa kuMfanekiso 6. Umdwebo 6a ukhombisa imodeli yepulasitiki, kanye nezibalo 6b-D Khombisa i-AR-TCPT esetshenziswe kudivayisi ephathekayo. I-AR-TCPT isebenzisa ikhamera yedivayisi ukukhomba amamaki wesithombe futhi ibonisa into ethuthukisiwe yamazinyo e-3D esikrinini esibambiqhaza abangayisebenzisa futhi basilande ngesikhathi sangempela. Izinkinobho ze- "Okulandelayo" ne "kwangaphambilini" zedivayisi ephathekayo zikuvumela ukuthi ubone ngokuningiliziwe izigaba zokubaza kanye nezimpawu zokuziphatha kwamazinyo. Ukwakha izinyo, abasebenzisi be-AR-TCPT ngokulandelana ngokulandelana okuthuthukisiwe kwe-3D ku-Screen Model yezinyo ngebhulokhi ye-wax.
Prakthiza amazinyo aqoqiwe. Lesi sithombe sikhombisa ukuqhathanisa phakathi kokusebenza kwezinyo lendabuko (TCP) kusetshenziswa amamodeli epulasitiki kanye ne-step-step TCP usebenzisa amathuluzi angokoqobo angathandeki. Abafundi bangabuka izinyathelo eziqoshwa ze-3D ngokuchofoza izinkinobho ezilandelayo nezedlule. A: Imodeli yepulasitiki kusethi yamamodeli wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngamazinyo aqoshiwe. B: I-TCP isebenzisa ithuluzi elingokoqobo ukungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona esigabeni sokuqala se-mandaribular yokuqala edlule ngomshado. C: I-TCP isebenzisa ithuluzi elingokoqobo ukungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona ngesikhathi sesigaba sokugcina sokwakheka kwe-mandarilar yokuqala ye-memonilar. D: Inqubo yokuhlonza imisele kanye nama-grooves. Im, ilebula lezithombe; MD, idivaysi ephathekayo; NSB, "Okulandelayo"; I-PSB, "okwedlule"; I-SMD, umphathi weselula weselula; Tc, umshini wokuqopha amazinyo; W, i-wax block
Kwakungekho mehluko ophawuleka phakathi kwalawa maqembu amabili abahlanganyeli abakhethwe ngokungahleliwe ngokwemibandela yobulili, ubudala, indawo yokuhlala, kanye nesipiliyoni sokubaza ngamazinyo (P> 0.05). I-Control Group yayibandakanya abesifazane abangama-96.2% (n = 25) kanye nama-3.8% amadoda (n = 1), kanti iqembu lokuhlola lalinabesifazane kuphela (n = 26). Iqembu lokulawula laliqukethe ama-61.5% (n = 16) lababambiqhaza abaneminyaka engama-20 ubudala, 26.9% (n = 7) yababambiqhaza abaneminyaka engu-21 ubudala, kanti u-11.5% (n = 3) wabahlanganyeli ≥ ≥ angama-22, khona-ke ukulawulwa kokuhlola Iqembu laliqukethe ama-73.1% (n = 19) lababambiqhaza abaneminyaka engama-20, 19.2% (n = 5) yababambiqhaza abaneminyaka engu-21 ubudala, futhi 7.7% (n = 2) yababambiqhaza abaneminyaka engama-22. Mayelana nokuhlala, ama-69.2% (n = 18) weqembu lokulawula ahlala eGyeonggi-do, kanye no-23.1% (n = 6) ahlala eSeoul. Ngokuqhathanisa, 50.0% (n = 13) yeqembu lokuhlola elihlala ku-Gyeonggi-do, kanye ne-46.2% (n = 12) ehlala eSeoul. Ingxenye yamaqembu okulawula kanye namaqembu okuhlola ahlala e-Incheon kwakungu-7.7% (n = 2) no-3.8% (n = 1), ngokulandelana. Eqenjini elilawulayo, ababambiqhaza abangama-25 (96.2%) babengenalwazi lwangaphambilini ngamazinyo abaza. Ngokufanayo, ababambiqhaza abangama-26 (100%) eqenjini lokuhlola belinganazo isipiliyoni sangaphambilini ngamazinyo abaza.
Ithebula 2 liveza izibalo ezichazayo kanye nokuqhathanisa kwezibalo kwezimpendulo zeqembu ngalinye ezintweni ezingama-22 zokuhlola. Kube nomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaqembu ezimpendulweni zento ngayinye yemibuzo engama-22 (P <0.01). Uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu elilawulayo, iqembu lokuhlola lalinamazinga aphezulu aphezulu ezintweni zemibuzo ezingama-21. Kuphela kumbuzo 20 (Q20) wephepha lemibuzo leqembu leqembu eliphakeme kuneqembu lokuhlola. I-histogram kuMdwebo 7 Ibonisa umehluko emazingeni acacile phakathi kwamaqembu. Ithebula 2; Umdwebo 7 ukhombisa futhi isipiliyoni somsebenzisi imiphumela yephrojekthi ngayinye. Eqenjini elilawulayo, into ephezulu kakhulu yokuthola amaphuzu yayinombuzo we-Q21, futhi into ephansi kakhulu inombuzo we-Q6. Eqenjini lokuhlola, into ephezulu kakhulu yokuthola amaphuzu yayinombuzo we-Q13, futhi into ephansi kakhulu inombuzo we-Q20. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMdwebo 7, umehluko omkhulu kunawo wonke phakathi kweqembu lokulawula futhi iqembu lokuhlola liyabonakala ku-Q6, futhi umehluko omncane kakhulu ubonwa ku-Q22.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwezikolo zemibuzo. Igrafu yebha eqhathanisa izikolo ezijwayelekile zeqembu elilawulayo lisebenzisa imodeli yepulasitiki neqembu lokuhlola lisebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lweqiniso le-Augmented. I-AR-TCPT, ithuluzi lokuzivivinya lamazinyo elisekelwe ekuzithathile.
Ubuchwepheshe be-AR buya ngokuya buthandwa kakhulu emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yamazinyo, okubandakanya ama-aesthetics emitholampilo, ukuhlinzwa ngomlomo, ubuchwepheshe bokubuyisela emuva, ubuchwepheshe bokubuyiselwa kwemali, i-morphology yamazinyo kanye ne-implantology, kanye nokulingisa. Isibonelo, iMicrosoft Hololens inikezela ngamathuluzi angokoqobo angokoqobo afinyelela e-Advanced ukuthuthukisa imfundo yamazinyo nokuhlela okuhlinzayo [32]. Ubuchwepheshe obuqiniso bangempela buhlinzeka ngemvelo yokulingisa yokufundisa i-morphology yamazinyo [33]. Yize le mibukiso ekhule ye-heradwe ethuthukisiwe yezobuchwepheshe ayikakatholakali kabanzi emfundweni yamazinyo, izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula ze-AR zingathuthukisa amakhono okusebenza kwemitholampilo futhi zisize abasebenzisi ukuthi baqonde ngokushesha i-anatomy [34, 35]. Ubuchwepheshe be-AR bungaphinde bakhuphule isisusa sabafundi kanye nentshisekelo yokufunda i-morphology yamazinyo futhi banikeze isipiliyoni sokufunda esisebenzisanayo futhi esibandakanyayo [36]. Amathuluzi wokufunda we-AR asiza abafundi abasebone inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yamazinyo kanye ne-anatomy ku-3D [37], okubalulekile ukuqonda ukuqonda i-morphology yamazinyo.
Umthelela wamamodeli wamazinyo we-3D aphrintiwe epulasitiki ekufundiseni i-morphology yamazinyo esevele engcono kunezincwadi ezinezithombe ze-2D nezincazelo [38]. Kodwa-ke, ukwenziwa kwedijithali kwezemfundo kanye nenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe kuyenze kwadingeka ukwethula amadivaysi ahlukahlukene nobuchwepheshe ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kanye nemfundo yezokwelapha, kubandakanya nemfundo yamazinyo [35]. Othisha babhekene nenselelo yokufundisa imiqondo eyinkimbinkimbi ensimini eguqukayo futhi eshukumisayo [39], edinga ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi ahlukahlukene okuhlala ngaphezu kwamamodeli we-resin wendabuko wokusiza amazinyo. Ngakho-ke, lolu cwaningo luveza ithuluzi elisebenzayo le-AR-TCPT elisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-AR ukusiza ekusebenzeni kwe-morphology yamazinyo.
Ucwaningo ngokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi wezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AR kubalulekile ekuqondeni izici ezithonya i-multimedia Ukusetshenziswa [40]. Isipiliyoni somsebenzisi oqondile singanquma ukuqondiswa kokuthuthuka kwayo kanye nokwenza ngcono, kufaka phakathi inhloso yaso, ukusetshenziswa kalula, ukusebenza okubushelelezi, ukuboniswa kolwazi, kanye nokusebenzisana [okuboniswayo, kanye nokuxhumana [41]. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuThebula 2, ngaphandle kwe-Q20, iqembu lokuhlola lisebenzisa izilinganiso ze-AR-TCPT zithole izilinganiso eziphezulu zomsebenzisi ngokuqhathaniswa neqembu elilawulayo lisebenzisa amamodeli epulasitiki. Uma kuqhathaniswa namamodeli epulasitiki, okuhlangenwe nakho kokusebenzisa i-AR-TCPT ekuziphatheni kwamazinyo kwakalwa kakhulu. Ukuhlola kufaka ukuqonda, ukubona ngeso, ukubonwa, ukuphindaphinda, usizo lwamathuluzi, kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwemibono. Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-AR-TCPT zifaka ukuqonda okusheshayo, ukuzulazula okusebenzayo, ukonga isikhathi, ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono wokuqopha okuqoshiwe, ukuncipha okuthuthukile, ukuncika kokufunda, nokuncika kokuhlangenwe nakho okusebenzayo. I-AR-TCPT nayo ihlinzeka ukuxhumana namanye amathuluzi okuzilolonga futhi ihlinzeka ngokubukwa okucacile kusuka ekuhlolweni okuningi.
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMdwebo 7, i-AR-TCPT iphakamise iphuzu elingeziwe kumbuzo 20: Isibonisi esibanzi somsebenzisi sokuqhafaza esibonisa zonke izinyathelo zokubaza izinyo ukusiza abafundi ukwenza izinyo lokubaza izinyo. Ukuboniswa kwayo yonke inqubo yokuqoshwa kwamazinyo kubalulekile ekwakheni amakhono okuqoshwa kwamazinyo ngaphambi kokulapha iziguli. Iqembu lokuhlola lithole amaphuzu aphezulu ku-Q13, umbuzo oyisisekelo ohlobene nokusiza amakhono okuqoshwa kwamazinyo futhi uthuthukise amakhono omsebenzisi ngaphambi kokuphatha iziguli, ukugqamisa amandla aleli thuluzi ekuzijwayezeni kwamazinyo. Abasebenzisi bafuna ukusebenzisa amakhono abawafunda esimisweni somtholampilo. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka izifundo ezilandelwayo ukuze zihlole ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamakhono okuqoshwa kwamazinyo wangempela. Umbuzo 6 ubuze ukuthi ngabe amamodeli epulasitiki ne-AR-TCTP angasetshenziswa yini uma kunesidingo, futhi izimpendulo kulo mbuzo wakhombisa umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwala maqembu amabili. Njengohlelo lokusebenza leselula, i-AR-TCPP ihlolwe ukuthi ilula ukusebenzisa uma kuqhathaniswa namamodeli epulasitiki. Kodwa-ke, kuhlale kunzima ukufakazela ukusebenza kwezemfundo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AR ezisuselwa ekuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi wedwa. Izifundo ezengeziwe ziyadingeka ukuze kuhlolwe umphumela we-AR-TCTP kumathebhulethi amazinyo aqediwe. Kodwa-ke, kulolu cwaningo, izilinganiso eziphezulu zabasebenzisi bezilinganiso ze-AR-TCPT zibonisa amandla aze njengethuluzi elisebenzayo.
Lolu cwaningo lokuqhathanisa lukhombisa ukuthi i-AR-TCPT ingaba enye indlela ebalulekile noma umphelelisi kumamodeli wepulasitiki wendabuko emahhovisi amade, njengoba ithola izilinganiso ezinhle kakhulu ngokuya ngesipiliyoni somsebenzisi. Kodwa-ke, ekunqumeni ukuphakama kwako kuzodinga ukuthuthukiswa okuthe xaxa ngabafundisi bethambo elibaziweyo nelokugcina elibaziweyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithonya lokwehlukana komuntu ngamunye emandleni okuqonda kwendawo kwinqubo yokuqopha kanye nezinyo lokugcina lidinga ukuhlaziywa. Amakhono amazinyo ahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu, engathinta inqubo yokubaza kanye nezinyo lokugcina. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukufakazela ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwe-AR-TCPT njengethuluzi lokuzijwayeza kwamazinyo futhi uqonde iqhaza eliguqukayo neliqondiswayo yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-AR kwinqubo yokuqopha. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele lugxile ekuhlolweni kokuthuthukiswa kanye nokuhlola amathuluzi we-morphology asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile beHololens AR.
Ngamafuphi, lolu cwaningo lukhombisa amandla we-AR-TCPT njengethuluzi lokuzilolonga wamazinyo njengoba linikeza abafundi ngokufunda okufundwayo okusha nokusebenzisana. Uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu le-model yendabuko yendabuko, iqembu le-AR-TCPT liveze kakhulu izikolo zabasebenzisi eziphakeme, kufaka phakathi izinzuzo ezinjengokuqonda okusheshayo, ukufunda okuthuthukile, nokuncishiswa kokuncika kwezincwadi. Ngobuchwepheshe bawo obujwayelekile kanye nokusebenziseka kalula, i-AR-TCPPT inikeza enye indlela ethembisayo kumathuluzi endabuko epulasitiki futhi ingasiza ama-Newbies ekuphakanyisweni kwe-3D. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze kuhlaziye ukusebenza kwalo kwezemfundo, kufaka phakathi umthelela wawo emandleni abunjiwe abantu kanye nokuncishiswa kwamazinyo abunjiwe.
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Isikhathi sePosi: Dec-25-2023