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Ukutadisha ukubaluleka okusebenzayo kokufunda okusekelwe emacaleni (i-CBL) kuhlanganiswe nokufunda kokudluliselwa, ukufunda okuqondiwe, ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuhlolwa, ukufunda okubambe iqhaza, imodeli yangemva kokuhlolwa kanye nokufingqa (i-BOPPPS) ekufundiseni abafundi beziqu ze-master's ekuhlinzeni ngomlomo nangama-maxillofacial. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuDisemba 2022, abafundi beziqu ze-master's zonyaka wesibili nowesithathu bonyaka wesibili ekuhlinzeni ngomlomo nangama-maxillofacial baqashwa njengezifundo zocwaningo futhi bahlukaniswa ngokungahleliwe baba yiqembu lokuqeqesha lendabuko le-LBL (Learn-based Learning) (abantu abayi-19) kanye neqembu lokuqeqesha le-CBL elihlanganiswe nemodeli ye-BOPPPS (abantu abayi-19). Ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwethiyori lwabafundi lwahlolwa, kwasetshenziswa isikali se-Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini-CEX) esilungisiwe ukuhlola ukucabanga kwabafundi kwezokwelapha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusebenza kahle kokufundisa kwabafundi kanye nomuzwa wothisha wokusebenza kahle kokufundisa (TSTE), kwahlolwa nokwaneliseka kwabafundi ngemiphumela yokufunda. Ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwethiyori, ukuhlaziywa kwamacala emtholampilo kanye namaphuzu aphelele eqembu lokuhlola kwakungcono kunalawo eqembu lokulawula, futhi umehluko wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P < 0.05). Isilinganiso sokucabanga okubucayi kwezokwelapha se-Mini-CEX esiguquliwe sibonise ukuthi ngaphandle kwezinga lokubhala umlando wamacala, kwakungekho mehluko wezibalo (P > 0.05), ezinye izinto ezi-4 kanye namaphuzu aphelele eqembu lokuhlola kwakungcono kunalawo eqembu lokulawula, futhi umehluko wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P < 0.05). Ukusebenza kahle kokufundisa komuntu siqu, i-TSTE kanye namaphuzu aphelele kwakuphakeme kunalawo angaphambi kwe-CBL kuhlanganiswe nemodi yokufundisa ye-BOPPPS, futhi umehluko wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P < 0.05). Abafundi beziqu ze-master abathathwe njengesampula eqenjini lokuhlola babekholelwa ukuthi indlela entsha yokufundisa ingathuthukisa ikhono labafundi lokucabanga okubucayi kwezokwelapha, futhi umehluko kuzo zonke izici wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P < 0.05). Izifundo eziningi eqenjini lokuhlola zazicabanga ukuthi indlela entsha yokufundisa yandisa ingcindezi yokufunda, kodwa umehluko wawungabalulekile ngokwezibalo (P > 0.05). I-CBL ehlanganiswe nendlela yokufundisa ye-BOPPPS ingathuthukisa ikhono labafundi lokucabanga ngokujulile kwezokwelapha futhi ibasize bazivumelanise nesigqi sezokwelapha. Kuyisilinganiso esiphumelelayo sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokufundisa futhi kufanelekile ukukhuthaza. Kufanelekile ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwe-CBL ehlanganiswe nemodeli ye-BOPPPS ohlelweni lwe-master lokuhlinzwa ngomlomo kanye ne-maxillofacial, olungakwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwethiyori kanye nekhono lokucabanga ngokujulile labafundi be-master, kodwa futhi luthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokufundisa.
Ukuhlinzwa ngomlomo nangama-maxillofacial njengegatsha lodokotela bamazinyo kubonakala ngokuba yinkimbinkimbi kokuxilongwa nokwelashwa, izifo eziningi ezahlukene, kanye nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kwezindlela zokuxilonga nokwelapha. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinga lokwamukelwa kwabafundi abaphothule izifundo liye laqhubeka nokukhula, kodwa imithombo yokwamukelwa kwabafundi kanye nesimo sokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi kuyakhathaza. Njengamanje, imfundo yangemva kokufunda iziqu isekelwe kakhulu ekuzifundeni komuntu siqu okunezezelwa yizinkulumo. Ukuntuleka kwekhono lokucabanga ngokwezokwelapha kuye kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi abafundi abaningi abaphothule izifundo abakwazi ukuba nekhono ekuhlinzeni ngomlomo nangama-maxillofacial ngemva kokuphothula noma ukwakha isethi yemibono yokuxilonga "yesimo nesimo" enengqondo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwethula izindlela zokufundisa ezintsha ezisebenzayo, ukukhuthaza intshisekelo yabafundi kanye nomdlandla wokufunda ukuhlinzwa ngomlomo nangama-maxillofacial, nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komkhuba wezokwelapha. Imodeli yokufundisa ye-CBL ingahlanganisa izinkinga ezibalulekile ezimweni zezokwelapha, isize abafundi bakhe ukucabanga okuhle kwezokwelapha lapho bexoxa ngezinkinga zezokwelapha1,2, ihlanganise ngokugcwele isinyathelo sabafundi, futhi ixazulule ngempumelelo inkinga yokufakwa okunganele komkhuba wezokwelapha emfundweni yendabuko3,4. I-BOPPPS iyimodeli yokufundisa ephumelelayo ephakanyiswe yi-North American Workshop on Teaching Skills (ISW), ethole imiphumela emihle ekufundiseni ngezokwelapha kwabahlengikazi, izingane kanye neminye imikhakha5,6. I-CBL ehlanganiswe nemodeli yokufundisa ye-BOPPPS isekelwe ezimweni zezokwelapha futhi ithatha abafundi njengento ebalulekile, ithuthukisa ngokugcwele ukucabanga okubucayi kwabafundi, iqinisa inhlanganisela yokufundisa kanye nomkhuba wezokwelapha, ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yokufundisa kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuqeqeshwa kwamathalente emkhakheni wokuhlinzwa komlomo kanye nobuso obukhulu.
Ukuze kufundwe ukuthi lolu cwaningo lungenzeka yini nokuthi lusebenza kanjani, abafundi abangu-38 beziqu ze-master's degree zonyaka wesibili nowesithathu (abangu-19 njalo ngonyaka) abavela eMnyangweni Wokuhlinzwa Komlomo Nokuhlinza Kwe-Maxillofacial we-First Affiliated Hospital yaseZhengzhou University baqashwa njengezifundo zokufunda kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuDisemba 2022. Bahlukaniswa ngokungahleliwe baba yiqembu lokuhlola kanye neqembu lokulawula (Isithombe 1). Bonke ababambiqhaza banikeze imvume enolwazi. Kwakungekho mehluko omkhulu eminyakeni, ubulili kanye neminye imininingwane ejwayelekile phakathi kwamaqembu amabili (P>0.05). Iqembu lokuhlola lisebenzise indlela yokufundisa ye-CBL ehlanganiswe ne-BOPPPS, kanti iqembu lokulawula lisebenzise indlela yokufundisa yendabuko ye-LBL. Inkambo yezokwelapha kuwo womabili amaqembu yayiyizinyanga ezingu-12. Izindlela zokufaka zazihlanganisa: (i) abafundi be-postgraduate bonyaka wesibili nowesithathu eMnyangweni Wokuhlinzwa Komlomo Nokuhlinza Kwe-Maxillofacial wesibhedlela sethu kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuDisemba 2022 kanye (ii) abazimisele ukuhlanganyela ocwaningweni futhi basayine imvume enolwazi. Izindlela zokukhishwa zazihlanganisa (i) abafundi abangazange baqede ucwaningo lwezokwelapha lwezinyanga eziyi-12 kanye (ii) abafundi abangazange bagcwalise imibuzo noma ukuhlolwa.
Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuqhathanisa imodeli yokufundisa ye-CBL ehlanganiswe ne-BOPPPS nendlela yokufundisa yendabuko ye-LBL nokuhlola ukusebenza kwayo emfundweni yangemva kokufunda yokuhlinzwa kwe-maxillofacial. Imodeli yokufundisa ye-CBL ehlanganiswe ne-BOPPPS iyindlela yokufundisa esekelwe emacaleni, egxile ezinkingeni futhi egxile kubafundi. Isiza abafundi ukucabanga nokufunda ngokuzimela ngokubazisa ezimweni zangempela, futhi ithuthukisa amakhono abafundi okucabanga okubucayi kwezokwelapha kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga. Indlela yokufundisa yendabuko ye-LBL iyindlela yokufundisa esekelwe enkulumweni, egxile kothisha egxile ekudlulisweni kolwazi kanye nokubamba ngekhanda futhi inganaki isinyathelo kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwabafundi. Ngokuqhathanisa umehluko phakathi kwamamodeli amabili okufundisa ekuhlolweni kolwazi lwethiyori, ukuhlolwa kwekhono lokucabanga okubucayi kwezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kahle kokufundisa komuntu siqu kanye nokusebenza kothisha, kanye nocwaningo lwemibuzo ngokwaneliseka kwabaphothule ngokufundisa, singahlola izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwemodeli ye-CBL ehlanganiswe nemodeli yokufundisa ye-BOPPPS emfundweni yabaphothule emkhakheni we-Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery futhi sibeke isisekelo sokuthuthukisa izindlela zokufundisa.
Abafundi be-master bonyaka wesibili nowesithathu ngo-2017 babelwa ngokungahleliwe eqenjini lokuhlola, elalihlanganisa abafundi abangu-8 bonyaka wesibili kanye nabafundi abangu-11 bonyaka wesithathu ngo-2017, kanye neqembu lokulawula, elalihlanganisa abafundi abangu-11 bonyaka wesibili kanye nabafundi abangu-8 bonyaka wesithathu ngo-2017.
Isilinganiso sethiyori seqembu lokuhlola sasingu-82.47±2.57 amaphuzu, kanti isilinganiso sokuhlolwa kwamakhono ayisisekelo sasingu-77.95±4.19 amaphuzu. Isilinganiso sethiyori seqembu lokulawula sasingu-82.89±2.02 amaphuzu, kanti isilinganiso sokuhlolwa kwamakhono ayisisekelo sasingu-78.26±4.21 amaphuzu. Kwakungekho mehluko obalulekile kusilinganiso sethiyori kanye nesilinganiso sokuhlolwa kwamakhono ayisisekelo phakathi kwamaqembu amabili (P>0.05).
Womabili amaqembu aqeqeshwa izinyanga eziyi-12 emtholampilo futhi aqhathaniswa nezilinganiso zolwazi lwethiyori, ikhono lokucabanga ngokwezokwelapha, ukusebenza kahle kokufundisa komuntu siqu, ukusebenza kahle kothisha, kanye nokwaneliseka kwabafundi ngokufundisa.
Ukuxhumana: Dala iqembu le-WeChat bese uthisha ezothumela okuqukethwe kwecala kanye nemibuzo ehlobene eqenjini le-WeChat izinsuku ezi-3 ngaphambi kokuqala kwekhosi ngayinye ukusiza abafundi abaphothule izifundo zabo baqonde ukuthi yini okufanele bayinake ngesikhathi sezifundo zabo.
Inhloso: Ukudala imodeli entsha yokufundisa egxile encazelweni, ekusebenzeni nasekusebenzeni kahle, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokufunda futhi ithuthukisa kancane kancane ikhono labafundi lokucabanga ngokujulile kwezokwelapha.
Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kwekilasi: Ngosizo lwezivivinyo ezimfushane, singahlola ngokugcwele izinga lolwazi lwabafundi futhi silungise amasu okufundisa ngesikhathi.
Ukufunda okubambe iqhaza: Lokhu kuyisisekelo salolu hlobo. Ukufunda kusekelwe ezimweni zangempela, kuhlanganisa ngokugcwele isinyathelo somuntu siqu sabafundi nokuxhumanisa amaphuzu olwazi afanele.
Isifinyezo: Cela abafundi ukuthi badwebe imephu yengqondo noma umuthi wolwazi ukuze bafingqe lokho abakufundile.
Umfundisi walandela indlela yokufundisa yendabuko lapho umfundisi ekhuluma khona futhi abafundi balalele, ngaphandle kokuqhubeka nokuxhumana, futhi bachaza isimo sesiguli ngokusekelwe esimweni saso.
Kuhlanganisa ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwethiyori (amaphuzu angu-60) kanye nokuhlaziywa kwamacala emitholampilo (amaphuzu angu-40), amaphuzu aphelele angamaphuzu ayi-100.
Izifundo zabelwa ukuzihlola iziguli emnyangweni wokuhlinzwa komlomo kanye nowe-maxillofacial futhi zaqondiswa odokotela ababili ababelapha. Odokotela ababelapha baqeqeshwe ekusebenziseni isikali, abazange bahlanganyele ekuqeqeshweni, futhi babengazi ngezabelo zeqembu. Isikali se-Mini-CEX esiguquliwe sasetshenziswa ukuhlola abafundi, futhi amaphuzu aphakathi athathwa njengebanga lokugcina lomfundi7. Umfundi ngamunye ophothule iziqu uzohlolwa izikhathi ezi-5, futhi amaphuzu aphakathi azobalwa. Isikali se-Mini-CEX esiguquliwe sihlola abafundi abaphothule iziqu ngezici ezinhlanu: ukwenza izinqumo zezokwelapha, amakhono okuxhumana nokuxhumanisa, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, ukulethwa kokwelashwa, kanye nokubhala amacala. Amaphuzu aphezulu ento ngayinye ngamaphuzu angama-20.
Isikali Sokusebenza Kokufundisa Esiqondene Nomuntu Sika-Ashton kanye ne-TSES ka-Yu et al.8 zasetshenziswa ukubheka nokuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwe-CBL kuhlanganiswe nemodeli esekelwe ebufakazini be-BOPPPS ekufundiseni ngokuhlinzwa ngomlomo kanye nakuma-maxillofacial. Isikali se-Likert esingamaphuzu ayi-6 sasetshenziswa ngamaphuzu aphelele asukela ku-27 kuya ku-162. Uma amaphuzu ephakeme, kulapho umuzwa wokufundisa wothisha uphakama khona.
Amaqembu amabili ezifundo ahlolwe ngokungaziwa kusetshenziswa isikali sokuzihlola ukuze kuqondwe ukwaneliseka kwawo ngendlela yokufundisa. I-alpha coefficient kaCronbach yesikali yayingu-0.75.
Isofthiwe yezibalo ye-SPSS 22.0 isetshenziswe ukuhlaziya idatha efanele. Yonke idatha ehambisana nokusatshalaliswa okuvamile ivezwe njengesilinganiso ± SD. Isampula ebhangqiwe yokuhlola i-t isetshenziswe ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwamaqembu. I-P < 0.05 ibonise ukuthi umehluko wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo.
Amaphuzu emfundiso yombhalo (kufaka phakathi ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwemfundiso yombhalo, ukuhlaziywa kwamacala emtholampilo kanye namaphuzu aphelele) eqembu lokuhlola ayengcono kunalawo eqembu lokulawula, futhi umehluko wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P < 0.05), njengoba kuboniswe kuThebula 1.
Ubukhulu ngabunye buhlolwe kusetshenziswa i-Mini-CEX eguquliwe. Ngaphandle kwezinga lokubhala umlando wezokwelapha, elingabonisi mehluko wezibalo (P> 0.05), ezinye izinto ezine kanye nenani eliphelele leqembu lokuhlola lalingcono kuneleqembu lokulawula, futhi umehluko wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P< 0.05), njengoba kuboniswe kuThebula 2.
Ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwe-CBL kuhlanganiswe nemodeli yokufundisa ye-BOPPPS, ukusebenza kahle kokufunda kwabafundi, imiphumela ye-TSTE kanye namaphuzu aphelele kuthuthuke uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi sangaphambi kokuqaliswa, futhi umehluko wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P < 0.05), njengoba kuboniswe kuThebula 3.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nemodeli yokufundisa yendabuko, i-CBL ehlanganiswe nemodeli yokufundisa ye-BOPPPS yenza izinhloso zokufunda zicace, iqokomisa amaphuzu abalulekile nobunzima, yenza okuqukethwe kokufundisa kube lula ukukuqonda, futhi ithuthukisa isinyathelo sabafundi sokufunda, okusiza ekuthuthukiseni ukucabanga kwabafundi kwezokwelapha. Umehluko kuzo zonke izici wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P < 0.05). Iningi labafundi eqenjini lokuhlola lalicabanga ukuthi imodeli entsha yokufundisa yandisa umthwalo wabo wokufunda, kodwa umehluko wawungabalulekile ngokwezibalo uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu lokulawula (P > 0.05), njengoba kuboniswe kuThebula 4.
Izizathu ezenza abafundi be-master's degree njengamanje ekuhlinzeni ngomlomo nangama-maxillofacial bangakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wezokwelapha ngemva kokuphothula izifundo zabo zihlaziywa kanje: Okokuqala, ikharikhulamu yokuhlinzwa ngomlomo nangama-maxillofacial: ngesikhathi sezifundo zabo, abafundi be-master's degree kudingeka baqedele ukuhlala okujwayelekile, bavikele i-thesis, futhi benze ucwaningo lwezokwelapha oluyisisekelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele basebenze amashifu asebusuku futhi benze izinto ezincane zezokwelapha, futhi abakwazi ukuqeda yonke imisebenzi ngesikhathi esibekiwe. Okwesibili, indawo yezokwelapha: njengoba ubudlelwano phakathi kukadokotela nesiguli buba nzima, amathuba omsebenzi wezokwelapha kubafundi be-master's degree ancipha kancane kancane. Iningi labafundi alinawo amakhono okuxilongwa nokwelashwa okuzimele, futhi ikhwalithi yabo iyonke yehle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwethula izindlela zokufundisa ezisebenzayo ukuze kukhuthazwe intshisekelo yabafundi kanye nomdlandla wokufunda nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwama-internship emtholampilo.
Indlela yokufundisa ye-CBL isekelwe ezimweni zezokwelapha9,10. Othisha baphakamisa izinkinga zezokwelapha, futhi abafundi bazixazulula ngokufunda noma ingxoxo ezimele. Abafundi basebenzisa isinyathelo sabo sokuzimela ekufundeni nasekuxoxweni, futhi kancane kancane bakhe ukucabanga kwezokwelapha okugcwele, okuxazulula inkinga yokuhlanganiswa okunganele komkhuba wezokwelapha kanye nokufundisa kwendabuko. Imodeli ye-BOPPPS ixhumanisa imikhakha eminingana ezimele ekuqaleni ukwakha inethiwekhi yolwazi yesayensi, ephelele necacile ngokunengqondo, esiza abafundi ukuthi bafunde futhi basebenzise ulwazi olutholwe ekusebenzeni kwezokwelapha11,12. I-CBL ehlanganiswe nemodeli yokufundisa ye-BOPPPS iguqula ulwazi olungacacile ngaphambili lokuhlinzwa kwe-maxillofacial lube yizithombe nezimo zezokwelapha13,14, idlulise ulwazi ngendlela eqondakala kalula necacile, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokufunda. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu lokulawula, ukusetshenziswa kwe-CBL15 ehlanganiswe nemodeli ye-BOPPPS16 ekufundiseni ukuhlinzwa kwe-maxillofacial kwaba usizo ekuthuthukiseni ikhono lokucabanga okubucayi kwabafundi be-master's, ukuqinisa inhlanganisela yokufundisa kanye nokusebenza kwezokwelapha, kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokufundisa. Imiphumela yeqembu lokuhlola yayiphakeme kakhulu kuneyeqembu lokulawula. Kunezizathu ezimbili zalokhu: okokuqala, imodeli entsha yokufundisa eyamukelwe yiqembu lokuhlola yathuthukisa isinyathelo sokufunda sabafundi; okwesibili, ukuhlanganiswa kwamaphuzu amaningi olwazi kwathuthukisa ukuqonda kwabo ulwazi lochwepheshe.
I-Mini-CEX yasungulwa yi-American Academy of Internal Medicine ngo-1995 ngokusekelwe enguqulweni elula yesikali sendabuko se-CEX17. Ayisetshenziswa kabanzi ezikoleni zezokwelapha zaphesheya kwezilwandle18 kodwa futhi isetshenziswa njengendlela yokuhlola ukusebenza kokufunda kodokotela nabahlengikazi ezikoleni ezinkulu zezokwelapha kanye nezikole zezokwelapha eShayina19,20. Lolu cwaningo lusebenzise isikali se-Mini-CEX esiguquliwe ukuhlola ikhono lomtholampilo lamaqembu amabili abafundi beziqu ze-master's. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi ngaphandle kwezinga lokubhala umlando wamacala, amanye amakhono amane omtholampilo eqembu lokuhlola ayephezulu kunalawo eqembu lokulawula, futhi umehluko wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi indlela yokufundisa ehlanganisiwe ye-CBL inaka kakhulu ukuxhumana phakathi kwamaphuzu olwazi, okusiza kakhulu ekukhuleni ikhono lokucabanga okubucayi lodokotela. Umqondo oyisisekelo we-CBL ohlanganiswe nemodeli ye-BOPPPS ugxile kubafundi, okudinga abafundi ukuthi batadishe izinto, baxoxe ngenkuthalo futhi bafinyeze, futhi bajulise ukuqonda kwabo ngengxoxo esekelwe emacaleni. Ngokuhlanganisa ithiyori nomkhuba, ulwazi lochwepheshe, ikhono lokucabanga lomtholampilo kanye namandla aphelele kuyathuthukiswa.
Abantu abanomqondo ophezulu wokusebenza kahle kokufundisa bazoba matasa kakhulu emsebenzini wabo futhi bazokwazi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokufundisa kwabo kangcono. Lolu cwaningo lubonise ukuthi othisha abasebenzise i-CBL ehlangene nemodeli ye-BOPPPS ekufundiseni ngokuhlinzwa komlomo babenomqondo ophezulu wokusebenza kahle kokufundisa kanye nokusebenza kahle kokufundisa komuntu siqu kunalabo abangazange basebenzise indlela entsha yokufundisa. Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi i-CBL ehlanganiswe nemodeli ye-BOPPPS ayikwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ikhono labafundi lokuzivocavoca emtholampilo, kodwa futhi ithuthukise umqondo wothisha wokusebenza kahle kokufundisa. Imigomo yokufundisa yothisha iyacaca futhi intshiseko yabo yokufundisa iphakeme. Othisha nabafundi baxhumana kaningi futhi bangabelana futhi babuyekeze okuqukethwe kokufundisa ngesikhathi esifanele, okuvumela othisha ukuthola impendulo evela kubafundi, okusiza ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okufundisa kanye nokusebenza kahle kokufundisa.
Imikhawulo: Usayizi wesampula walolu cwaningo wawumncane kanti isikhathi sokufunda sasifushane. Usayizi wesampula udinga ukwanda kanti isikhathi sokulandelela sidinga ukwelulwa. Uma kuklanywe ucwaningo oluhlanganisa izikhungo eziningi, singaqonda kangcono ikhono lokufunda labafundi abaphothule izifundo zabo. Lolu cwaningo luphinde lwabonisa izinzuzo ezingaba khona zokuhlanganisa i-CBL nemodeli ye-BOPPPS ekufundiseni ngokuhlinzwa ngomlomo nangama-maxillofacial. Ezifundweni ezincane, amaphrojekthi ezikhungo eziningi anosayizi omkhulu wesampula afakwa kancane kancane ukuze kufezwe imiphumela yocwaningo engcono, ngaleyo ndlela kufakwe isandla ekuthuthukisweni kokufundiswa kokuhlinzwa ngomlomo nangama-maxillofacial.
I-CBL, ehlanganiswe nemodeli yokufundisa ye-BOPPPS, igxile ekukhuliseni ikhono lokucabanga labafundi ngokuzimela kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhono labo lokuxilonga emtholampilo kanye nokwenza izinqumo zokwelashwa, ukuze abafundi bakwazi ukuxazulula kangcono izinkinga zomlomo neze-maxillofacial ngokucabanga kodokotela futhi basheshe bazivumelanise nesigqi kanye noshintsho lomkhuba wezokwelapha. Lena indlela ephumelelayo yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokufundisa. Sisebenzisa izindlela ezinhle kakhulu ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe futhi sisekele esimweni sangempela sobungcweti bethu. Lokhu ngeke nje kusize abafundi ukuthi bacacise kangcono imibono yabo futhi baqeqeshe ikhono labo lokucabanga okunengqondo kwezokwelapha, kodwa futhi kusize ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokufundisa futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokufundisa. Kufanelekile ukukhuthazwa nokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-17-2025