Ukufunda ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuthwebula izithombe ze-3D kanye nendlela yokufunda esekelwe ezinkingeni ekuqeqeshweni kwezokwelapha okuhlobene nokuhlinzwa komgogodla.
Sekukonke, abafundi abayi-106 besifundo seminyaka emihlanu esikhethekile esithi “Clinical Medicine” bakhethwe njengezihloko zesifundo, okuzothi ngo-2021 babe ne-internship emnyangweni we-orthopedics esibhedlela esixhumene ne-Xuzhou Medical University. Laba bafundi bahlukaniswe ngokungahleliwe baba amaqembu okuhlola nawokulawula, kanye nabafundi abangu-53 eqenjini ngalinye. Iqembu lokuhlola lisebenzise inhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe be-3D imaging kanye nemodi yokufunda ye-PBL, kuyilapho iqembu lokulawula lisebenzisa indlela yokufunda yendabuko. Ngemva kokuqeqeshwa, ukusebenza kahle kokuqeqeshwa emaqenjini amabili kwaqhathaniswa kusetshenziswa izivivinyo kanye nemibuzo.
Isibalo esiphelele sokuhlolwa kwethiyori kwabafundi beqembu lokuhlola sasiphezulu kunesabafundi beqembu lokulawula. Abafundi bamaqembu amabili bahlola ngokuzimela amamaki abo esifundweni, kuyilapho amamaki abafundi beqembu lokuhlola ayephezulu kunawabafundi beqembu lokulawula (P < 0.05). Intshisekelo yokufunda, isimo sekilasi, ukusebenzisana ekilasini, kanye nokwaneliseka ngokufundisa kwakuphakeme phakathi kwabafundi eqenjini lokuhlola kunaseqenjini lokulawula (P < 0.05).
Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuthwebula izithombe ze-3D kanye nemodi yokufunda ye-PBL lapho kufundiswa ukuhlinzwa komgogodla kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokufunda kanye nesithakazelo sabafundi, futhi kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kokucabanga kwabafundi kwezokwelapha.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenxa yokuqongelela okuqhubekayo kolwazi lwezokwelapha kanye nobuchwepheshe, umbuzo wokuthi hlobo luni lwemfundo yezokwelapha olunganciphisa ngempumelelo isikhathi esithathayo ukuze kushintshelwe kubafundi bezokwelapha kuye kodokotela futhi kukhule ngokushesha izakhamuzi ezinhle kakhulu sekuyindaba ekhathazayo. Kudonsele ukunaka okukhulu [1]. Umkhuba wezokwelapha uyisigaba esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kokucabanga kwezokwelapha kanye namakhono asebenzayo abafundi bezokwelapha. Ikakhulukazi, ukuhlinzwa kubeka izidingo eziqinile kumakhono asebenzayo abafundi kanye nolwazi lokwakheka komzimba womuntu.
Njengamanje, indlela yokufundisa yendabuko isabusa ezikoleni nakwezokwelapha [2]. Indlela yokufundisa yendabuko igxile kothisha: uthisha umi endaweni yokubeka ulwazi futhi adlulisele ulwazi kubafundi ngezindlela zokufundisa zendabuko njengezincwadi zokufunda kanye nezifundo ze-multimedia. Yonke inkambo ifundiswa uthisha. Abafundi bavame ukulalela izinkulumo, amathuba okuxoxisana mahhala kanye nemibuzo alinganiselwe. Ngenxa yalokho, le nqubo ingaphenduka kalula ibe ukufundiswa kohlangothi olulodwa kothisha ngenkathi abafundi besamukela isimo ngokunganaki. Ngakho-ke, enkambisweni yokufundisa, othisha bavame ukuthola ukuthi intshiseko yabafundi yokufunda ayiphezulu, intshiseko ayiphezulu, futhi umphumela mubi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunzima ukuchaza ngokucacile isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi somgogodla usebenzisa izithombe ze-2D njenge-PPT, izincwadi ze-anatomy kanye nezithombe, futhi akulula ngabafundi ukuqonda nokuqonda lolu lwazi [3].
Ngo-1969, indlela entsha yokufundisa, ukufunda okusekelwe ezinkingeni (PBL), yahlolwa eMcMaster University School of Medicine eCanada. Ngokungafani nezindlela zokufundisa zendabuko, inqubo yokufunda ye-PBL iphatha abafundi njengengxenye eyinhloko yenqubo yokufunda futhi isebenzisa imibuzo efanele njengezizathu zokuvumela abafundi ukuthi bafunde, baxoxe futhi babambisane ngokuzimela emaqenjini, babuze imibuzo ngenkuthalo futhi bathole izimpendulo kunokuba bazamukele ngaphandle kokuthatha isinyathelo. , 5]. Enkambisweni yokuhlaziya nokuxazulula izinkinga, thuthukisa ikhono labafundi lokufunda ngokuzimela kanye nokucabanga okunengqondo [6]. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yentuthuko yobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha bedijithali, izindlela zokufundisa zemitholampilo nazo zicetshiswe kakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe be-3D imaging (3DV) buthatha idatha eluhlaza ezithombeni zezokwelapha, buyifake kusofthiwe yokwenza amamodeli yokwakha kabusha i-3D, bese bucubungula idatha ukuze bakhe imodeli ye-3D. Le ndlela inqoba ukulinganiselwa kwemodeli yokufundisa yendabuko, ihlanganisa ukunaka kwabafundi ngezindlela eziningi futhi isiza abafundi ukuthi basheshe baqonde izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi zomzimba [7, 8], ikakhulukazi emfundweni yamathambo. Ngakho-ke, lesi sihloko sihlanganisa lezi zindlela ezimbili ukutadisha umphumela wokuhlanganisa i-PBL nobuchwepheshe be-3DV kanye nemodi yokufunda yendabuko ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo. Umphumela ungokulandelayo.
Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukubafundi abayi-106 abangenela ukuhlinzwa komgogodla esibhedlela sethu ngo-2021, abahlukaniswe ngamaqembu okuhlola kanye namaqembu okulawula kusetshenziswa ithebula lezinombolo ezingahleliwe, abafundi abangu-53 eqenjini ngalinye. Iqembu lokuhlola lalinamadoda angu-25 nabesifazane abangu-28 abaneminyaka engu-21 kuya ku-23 ubudala, iminyaka ephakathi engu-22.6±0.8. Iqembu lokulawula lalinamadoda angu-26 nabesifazane abangu-27 abaneminyaka engu-21-24, iminyaka ephakathi engu-22.6±0.9, bonke abafundi bangama-intern. Kwakungekho mehluko omkhulu eminyakeni nobulili phakathi kwamaqembu amabili (P>0.05).
Izindlela zokufaka zimi kanje: (1) Abafundi be-bachelor besikhathi esigcwele bonyaka wesine; (2) Abafundi abangaveza ngokucacile imizwa yabo yangempela; (3) Abafundi abangaqonda futhi bahlanganyele ngokuzithandela kuyo yonke inqubo yalolu cwaningo futhi basayine ifomu lemvume enolwazi. Izindlela zokufaka abanye zimi kanje: (1) Abafundi abangahlangabezani nanoma yiziphi izindlela zokufaka abanye; (2) Abafundi abangafisi ukuhlanganyela kulolu qeqesho ngezizathu zabo siqu; (3) Abafundi abanolwazi lokufundisa lwe-PBL.
Ngenisa idatha ye-CT eluhlaza kusofthiwe yokulingisa bese ungenisa imodeli eyakhelwe kusofthiwe yokuqeqesha ekhethekile ukuze iboniswe. Imodeli iqukethe izicubu zamathambo, ama-disc e-intervertebral kanye nemithambo yomgogodla (Isithombe 1). Izingxenye ezahlukene zimelelwa ngemibala ehlukene, futhi imodeli ingakhuliswa futhi ijikeleziswe njengoba uthanda. Inzuzo enkulu yaleli cebo ukuthi izendlalelo ze-CT zingabekwa kumodeli futhi ukucaca kwezingxenye ezahlukene kungalungiswa ukuze kugwenywe ngempumelelo ukuvaleka.
a Ukubuka kwangemuva kanye b Ukubuka eceleni. ku-L1, L3 kanye ne-pelvis yemodeli kuyabonakala. d Ngemva kokuhlanganisa isithombe sesigaba se-CT nemodeli, ungayishukumisa phezulu naphansi ukuze usethe izindiza ezahlukene ze-CT. e Imodeli ehlanganisiwe yezithombe ze-sagittal CT kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemiyalelo efihliwe yokucubungula i-L1 ne-L3
Okuqukethwe okuyinhloko kokuqeqeshwa kungokulandelayo: 1) Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwezifo ezivamile ekuhlinzeni umgogodla; 2) Ulwazi ngokwakheka komgogodla, ukucabanga nokuqonda ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo; 3) Amavidiyo okusebenza afundisa ulwazi oluyisisekelo. Izigaba zokuhlinzwa komgogodla okuvamile, 4) Ukubona ngeso lengqondo izifo ezivamile ekuhlinzeni umgogodla, 5) Ulwazi lwethiyori olujwayelekile okufanele lukhunjulwe, okuhlanganisa inkolelo-mbono yomgogodla kaDennis onezinsika ezintathu, ukuhlukaniswa kokuphuka komgogodla, kanye nokuhlukaniswa komgogodla we-lumbar ohlungiwe.
Iqembu lokuhlola: Indlela yokufundisa ihlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe be-PBL kanye ne-3D imaging. Le ndlela ihlanganisa izici ezilandelayo. 1) Ukulungiselela amacala ajwayelekile ekuhlinzeni umgogodla: Xoxani ngamacala e-cervical spondylosis, i-lumbar disc herniation, kanye nokuqhekeka kwe-pyramidal compression, icala ngalinye ligxile emaphuzwini ahlukene olwazi. Amacala, amamodeli e-3D namavidiyo okuhlinzwa athunyelwa kubafundi isonto ngaphambi kwekilasi futhi bakhuthazwa ukusebenzisa imodeli ye-3D ukuhlola ulwazi lokwakheka komzimba. 2) Ukulungiselela kusengaphambili: imizuzu eyi-10 ngaphambi kwekilasi, ukwethula abafundi enkambisweni ethile yokufunda ye-PBL, ukukhuthaza abafundi ukuba bahlanganyele ngenkuthalo, ukusebenzisa isikhathi ngokugcwele, nokuqedela imisebenzi ngokuhlakanipha. Ukuqoqa kwenziwa ngemuva kokuthola imvume yabo bonke abahlanganyeli. Thatha abafundi abayi-8 kuya kwabayi-10 eqenjini, bahlukane babe ngamaqembu ngokukhululeka ukuze bacabange ngolwazi lokusesha amacala, bacabange ngokuzifundela, bahlanganyele ezingxoxweni zeqembu, baphendulane, ekugcineni bafingqe amaphuzu ayinhloko, bakhe idatha ehlelekile, bese beqopha ingxoxo. Khetha umfundi onamakhono aqinile okuhlela nokukhuluma njengomholi weqembu ukuze ahlele izingxoxo zeqembu nezethulo. 3) Umhlahlandlela Kathisha: Othisha basebenzisa isofthiwe yokulingisa ukuchaza ukwakheka komgogodla kanye nezimo ezijwayelekile, futhi bavumele abafundi ukuthi basebenzise isofthiwe ngenkuthalo ukwenza imisebenzi efana nokusondeza, ukujikeleza, ukubeka kabusha i-CT nokulungisa ukucaca kwezicubu; Ukuba nokuqonda okujulile kanye nokukhumbula isakhiwo sesifo, futhi kubasize bacabange ngokuzimela ngezixhumanisi eziyinhloko ekuqaleni, ekuthuthukisweni nasekuqhubekeni kwesifo. 4) Ukushintshana ngemibono kanye nengxoxo. Ukuphendula imibuzo ebhalwe ngaphambi kwekilasi, nikeza izinkulumo zengxoxo yekilasi bese umeme umholi weqembu ngamunye ukuthi abike ngemiphumela yengxoxo yeqembu ngemuva kwesikhathi esanele sengxoxo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, iqembu lingabuza imibuzo futhi lisizane, kuyilapho uthisha edinga ukubhala ngokucophelela nokuqonda izitayela zokucabanga zabafundi kanye nezinkinga ezihambisana nazo. 5) Isifinyezo: Ngemva kokuxoxa ngabafundi, uthisha uzophawula ngokusebenza kwabafundi, afingqe futhi aphendule ngokuningiliziwe eminye imibuzo evamile nephikisanayo, futhi achaze isiqondiso sokufunda kwesikhathi esizayo ukuze abafundi bakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nendlela yokufundisa ye-PBL.
Iqembu lokulawula lisebenzisa indlela yokufunda yendabuko, lifundisa abafundi ukuthi bahlole kuqala izinto ngaphambi kwekilasi. Ukuze baqhube izinkulumo zethiyori, othisha basebenzisa amabhodi amhlophe, izifundo ze-multimedia, izinto zevidiyo, amamodeli esampula kanye nezinye izinsiza zokufundisa, futhi bahlele nenkambo yokuqeqeshwa ngokuhambisana nezinto zokufundisa. Njengesengezo kuhlelo lokufunda, le nqubo igxile ebunzimeni obufanele kanye namaphuzu abalulekile encwadi. Ngemva kwenkulumo, uthisha wafingqa izinto futhi wakhuthaza abafundi ukuba bakhumbule futhi baqonde ulwazi olufanele.
Ngokuhambisana nokuqukethwe kokuqeqeshwa, kwamukelwa ukuhlolwa kwencwadi evaliwe. Imibuzo eqondile ikhethwa emibuzweni efanele ebuzwa odokotela eminyakeni edlule. Imibuzo eqondile ihlelwa uMnyango Wezokwelapha Ngamathambo futhi ekugcineni ihlolwe amalungu othisha abangabhalisi ukuhlolwa. Bamba iqhaza ekufundeni. Amamaki aphelele esivivinyo angamaphuzu ayi-100, futhi okuqukethwe kwawo kufaka phakathi izingxenye ezimbili ezilandelayo: 1) Imibuzo eqondile (ikakhulukazi imibuzo enezinketho eziningi), ehlola kakhulu ikhono labafundi lolwazi, okungama-50% wamaphuzu aphelele; 2) Imibuzo eqondile (imibuzo yokuhlaziywa kwamacala), egxile kakhulu ekuqondeni okuhlelekile kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezifo ngabafundi, okungama-50% wamaphuzu aphelele.
Ekupheleni kwesifundo, kwethulwa uhlu lwemibuzo olunezingxenye ezimbili nemibuzo eyisishiyagalolunye. Okuqukethwe okuyinhloko kwale mibuzo kuhambisana nezinto ezivezwe etafuleni, futhi abafundi kumele baphendule imibuzo kulezi zinto ngamamaki aphelele angu-10 kanye namamaki aphansi angu-1. Amamaki aphezulu abonisa ukwaneliseka okuphezulu kwabafundi. Imibuzo eseThebula 2 imayelana nokuthi inhlanganisela yezindlela zokufunda ze-PBL kanye ne-3DV ingasiza yini abafundi ukuqonda ulwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi lochwepheshe. Izinto zeThebula 3 zibonisa ukwaneliseka kwabafundi ngazo zombili izindlela zokufunda.
Yonke idatha ihlaziywe kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ye-SPSS 25; imiphumela yokuhlolwa ivezwe njengokuphambuka okujwayelekile okumaphakathi ± (x ± s). Idatha yobuningi ihlaziywe nge-ANOVA yendlela eyodwa, idatha yobuningi ihlaziywe nge-χ2 test, kanti ukulungiswa kukaBonferroni kusetshenziswe ekuqhathaniseni okuningi. Umehluko obalulekile (P<0.05).
Imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwezibalo kwamaqembu amabili ibonise ukuthi amaphuzu emibuzweni eqondile (imibuzo yokukhetha okuningi) yabafundi beqembu lokulawula ayephezulu kakhulu kunalawo abafundi beqembu lokuhlola (P < 0.05), kanti amaphuzu abafundi beqembu lokulawula ayephezulu kakhulu, kunabafundi beqembu lokuhlola (P < 0.05). Amaphuzu emibuzo eqondene nomuntu (imibuzo yokuhlaziya icala) yabafundi beqembu lokuhlola ayephezulu kakhulu kunalawo abafundi beqembu lokuhlola (P < 0.01), bheka Ithebula 1.
Imibuzo engaziwa yasatshalaliswa ngemva kwawo wonke amakilasi. Sekukonke, kwasatshalaliswa imibuzo engu-106, engu-106 yayo yabuyiselwa, kanti izinga lokululama lalingu-100.0%. Wonke amafomu asegcwalisiwe. Ukuqhathaniswa kwemiphumela yocwaningo lwemibuzo ngezinga lokuba nolwazi lobuchwepheshe phakathi kwamaqembu amabili abafundi kwembule ukuthi abafundi beqembu lokuhlola bayazi kahle izigaba eziyinhloko zokuhlinzwa komgogodla, ulwazi lohlelo, ukuhlukaniswa kwezifo kwakudala, njll. ku. Umehluko wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P<0.05) njengoba kuboniswe kuThebula 2.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwezimpendulo zemibuzo ehlobene nokwaneliseka kokufundisa phakathi kwamaqembu amabili: abafundi eqenjini lokuhlola bathole amaphuzu aphezulu kunabafundi eqenjini lokulawula ngokwentshisekelo yokufunda, isimo sekilasi, ukusebenzisana kwekilasi, kanye nokwaneliseka ngokufundisa. Umehluko wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (P<0.05). Imininingwane iboniswe kuThebula 3.
Njengoba isayensi nobuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuqongelela kanye nentuthuko, ikakhulukazi njengoba singena ekhulwini lama-21, umsebenzi wezokwelapha ezibhedlela uya ngokuya uyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abafundi bezokwelapha bangakwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nomsebenzi wezokwelapha futhi bathuthukise amathalente ezokwelapha asezingeni eliphezulu ukuze kuzuze umphakathi, ukufundiswa kwendabuko kanye nendlela yokufunda ehlangene bahlangabezana nobunzima ekuxazululeni izinkinga zezokwelapha ezisebenzayo. Imodeli yendabuko yemfundo yezokwelapha ezweni lakithi inezinzuzo zolwazi oluningi ekilasini, izidingo eziphansi zemvelo, kanye nohlelo lolwazi lokufundisa olungahlangabezana nezidingo zokufundisa izifundo zethiyori [9]. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lwemfundo lungaholela kalula egebeni phakathi kwethiyori kanye nokwenza, ukwehla kwesinyathelo kanye nomdlandla wabafundi ekufundeni, ukungakwazi ukuhlaziya ngokuphelele izifo eziyinkimbinkimbi emisebenzini yezokwelapha futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ngeke kuhlangabezane nezidingo zemfundo ephakeme yezokwelapha. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinga lokuhlinzwa komgogodla ezweni lakithi likhuphuke ngokushesha, futhi ukufundiswa kokuhlinzwa komgogodla kubhekane nezinselele ezintsha. Ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kwabafundi bezokwelapha, ingxenye enzima kakhulu yokuhlinzwa yi-orthopedics, ikakhulukazi ukuhlinzwa komgogodla. Amaphuzu olwazi awabalulekile futhi awakhathaleli nje kuphela ukukhubazeka komgogodla kanye nokutheleleka, kodwa futhi nokulimala kanye nezimila zamathambo. Le mibono ayiyona nje into engaqondakali futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa futhi ihlobene eduze nokwakheka komzimba, izifo, izithombe, i-biomechanics, kanye neminye imikhakha, okwenza okuqukethwe kwayo kube nzima ukukuqonda nokukhumbula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindawo eziningi zokuhlinzwa komgogodla zithuthuka ngokushesha, futhi ulwazi oluqukethwe ezincwadini ezikhona seluphelelwe yisikhathi, okwenza kube nzima kothisha ukufundisa. Ngakho-ke, ukushintsha indlela yokufundisa yendabuko nokufaka intuthuko yakamuva ocwaningweni lwamazwe ngamazwe kungenza ukufundiswa kolwazi olufanele lwethiyori kube wusizo, kuthuthukise ikhono labafundi lokucabanga ngokunengqondo, futhi kukhuthaze abafundi ukuba bacabange ngokujulile. Lokhu kusilela enkambisweni yokufunda yamanje kudinga ukuxazululwa ngokushesha ukuze kuhlolwe imingcele kanye nemikhawulo yolwazi lwezokwelapha lwanamuhla futhi kunqotshwe izithiyo zendabuko [10].
Imodeli yokufunda ye-PBL iyindlela yokufunda egxile kumfundi. Ngokufunda okuzimele, okufundayo kanye nengxoxo exhumanayo, abafundi bangakhipha ngokugcwele intshiseko yabo futhi basuke ekwamukeleni ulwazi ngaphandle kokwenza izinto baye ekuhlanganyeleni okusebenzayo ekufundiseni kothisha. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemodi yokufunda esekelwe enkulumweni, abafundi abahlanganyela kwimodi yokufunda ye-PBL banesikhathi esanele sokusebenzisa izincwadi zokufunda, i-inthanethi, kanye nesofthiwe yokufuna izimpendulo zemibuzo, ukucabanga ngokuzimela, nokuxoxa ngezihloko ezihlobene endaweni yeqembu. Le ndlela ithuthukisa ikhono labafundi lokucabanga ngokuzimela, ukuhlaziya izinkinga nokuxazulula izinkinga [11]. Enkambisweni yengxoxo yamahhala, abafundi abahlukene bangaba nemibono eminingi ehlukene ngendaba efanayo, okunikeza abafundi ipulatifomu yokwandisa ukucabanga kwabo. Thuthukisa ukucabanga kokudala kanye nekhono lokucabanga okunengqondo ngokucabanga okuqhubekayo, futhi uthuthukise ikhono lokuveza inkulumo kanye nomoya weqembu ngokuxhumana phakathi kwabafundi ofunda nabo [12]. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukufundisa i-PBL kuvumela abafundi ukuthi baqonde ukuthi bangahlaziya kanjani, bahlele futhi basebenzise kanjani ulwazi olufanele, baqonde izindlela zokufundisa ezifanele futhi bathuthukise amakhono abo aphelele [13]. Ngesikhathi senqubo yethu yokufunda, sithole ukuthi abafundi babenesifiso esikhulu sokufunda indlela yokusebenzisa isofthiwe yokuthwebula izithombe ze-3D kunokuqonda imiqondo yezokwelapha yobungcweti eyisicefe evela ezincwadini zokufunda, ngakho-ke esifundweni sethu, abafundi eqenjini lokuhlola bavame ukushukumiseleka kakhulu ukubamba iqhaza enkambisweni yokufunda. kangcono kuneqembu lokulawula. Othisha kufanele bakhuthaze abafundi ukuba bakhulume ngesibindi, bathuthukise ukuqwashisa ngesihloko sabafundi, futhi bavuselele intshisekelo yabo yokuhlanganyela ezingxoxweni. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ikhombisa ukuthi, ngokolwazi lwenkumbulo yomshini, ukusebenza kwabafundi eqenjini lokuhlola kuphansi kunokweqembu lokulawula, nokho, ekuhlaziyweni kwecala lomtholampilo, elidinga ukusetshenziswa okuyinkimbinkimbi kolwazi olufanele, ukusebenza kwabafundi eqenjini lokuhlola kungcono kakhulu kunaseqenjini lokulawula, okugcizelela ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-3DV neqembu lokulawula. Izinzuzo zokuhlanganisa imithi yendabuko. Indlela yokufundisa ye-PBL ihlose ukuthuthukisa amakhono abafundi aphelele.
Ukufundiswa kwe-anatomy kuyisisekelo semfundiso yezokwelapha yokuhlinzwa komgogodla. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi somgogodla kanye neqiniso lokuthi ukuhlinzwa kuhilela izicubu ezibalulekile njengentambo yomgogodla, imizwa yomgogodla, kanye nemithambo yegazi, abafundi badinga ukuba nomcabango wendawo ukuze bafunde. Ngaphambilini, abafundi babesebenzisa izithombe ezinezinhlangothi ezimbili njengemifanekiso yezincwadi kanye nezithombe zevidiyo ukuchaza ulwazi olufanele, kodwa naphezu kwalolu lwazi oluningi, abafundi babengenalo ulwazi oluqondakalayo nolunezinhlangothi ezintathu kulesi sici, okwabangela ubunzima ekuqondeni. Ngenxa yezici zomzimba eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezifo zomgogodla, njengobudlelwano phakathi kwemizwa yomgogodla kanye nezingxenye zomzimba womgogodla, ngamaphuzu athile abalulekile nanzima, njengokuchazwa kanye nokuhlukaniswa kokuphuka komgogodla wesibeletho. Abafundi abaningi babike ukuthi okuqukethwe kokuhlinzwa komgogodla kuyinto engaqondakali, futhi abakwazi ukukuqonda ngokugcwele ngesikhathi sezifundo zabo, futhi ulwazi olufundiwe luyalibaleka ngokushesha ngemva kwekilasi, okuholela ebunzimeni emsebenzini wangempela.
Esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokubona nge-3D, umbhali wethula abafundi izithombe ezicacile ze-3D, izingxenye ezahlukene zazo ezimelelwa imibala ehlukene. Ngenxa yemisebenzi efana nokujikeleza, ukukala kanye nokucaca, imodeli yomgogodla kanye nezithombe ze-CT zingabukwa ngezendlalelo. Akugcini nje ngokuthi izici zomzimba womgogodla zibonwe ngokucacile, kodwa futhi zivuselela isifiso sabafundi sokuthola isithombe se-CT esiyisicefe somgogodla. kanye nokuqinisa ulwazi emkhakheni wokubona ngeso lengqondo. Ngokungafani namamodeli namathuluzi okufundisa asetshenziswa esikhathini esidlule, umsebenzi wokucubungula obala ungaxazulula ngempumelelo inkinga yokuvaleka, futhi kulula kakhulu kubafundi ukubona isakhiwo esihle somzimba kanye nesiqondiso semizwa esiyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi kwabaqalayo. Abafundi bangasebenza ngokukhululeka inqobo nje uma beletha amakhompyutha abo, futhi azikho izimali ezihlobene. Le ndlela iyindawo ekahle yokuqeqeshwa kwendabuko kusetshenziswa izithombe ze-2D [14]. Kulesi sifundo, iqembu lokulawula lenze kangcono emibuzweni eqondile, okubonisa ukuthi imodeli yokufundisa inkulumo ayinakuphikwa ngokuphelele futhi isenenani elithile ekufundiseni kwezokwelapha kokuhlinzwa komgogodla. Lokhu kutholakala kusishukumisele ukuthi sicabangele ukuthi singahlanganisa yini indlela yokufunda yendabuko nemodi yokufunda ye-PBL ethuthukisiwe ngobuchwepheshe bokubona be-3D, okuqondiswe ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezivivinyo kanye nabafundi bamazinga ahlukene, ukuze kwandiswe umphumela wezemfundo. Kodwa-ke, akucaci ukuthi lezi zindlela ezimbili zingahlanganiswa kanjani nokuthi abafundi bazoyamukela yini inhlanganisela enjalo, okungaba yisiqondiso socwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo. Lolu cwaningo luphinde lubhekane nezinkinga ezithile njengokubandlulula okungenzeka lapho abafundi begcwalisa uhlu lwemibuzo ngemuva kokubona ukuthi bazohlanganyela kumodeli entsha yezemfundo. Lokhu kuhlola kokufundisa kwenziwa kuphela kumongo wokuhlinzwa komgogodla futhi kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe uma kungasetshenziswa ekufundiseni zonke izigaba zokuhlinzwa.
Sihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bezithombe ze-3D nemodi yokuqeqesha ye-PBL, sinqobe ukulinganiselwa kwemodi yokuqeqesha yendabuko namathuluzi okufundisa, futhi sifunde ukusetshenziswa kwale nhlanganisela ekuqeqeshweni kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ekuhlinzeni umgogodla. Uma sibheka imiphumela yokuhlolwa, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwabafundi beqembu lokuhlola ingcono kuneyabafundi beqembu lokulawula (P < 0.05), kanti ulwazi lobuchwepheshe nokwaneliseka ngezifundo zabafundi beqembu lokuhlola nakho kungcono kuneyabafundi beqembu lokulawula (P < 0.05). Imiphumela yocwaningo lwemibuzo yayingcono kuneyeqembu lokulawula (P < 0.05). Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwethu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe be-PBL ne-3DV kuyasiza ekwenzeni abafundi bakwazi ukucabanga ngokwezokwelapha, bathole ulwazi lobuchwepheshe, futhi bandise intshisekelo yabo yokufunda.
Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe be-PBL kanye ne-3DV kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kahle kwemikhuba yezokwelapha yabafundi bezokwelapha emkhakheni wokuhlinzwa komgogodla, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokufunda kanye nesithakazelo sabafundi, futhi kusize ekuthuthukiseni ukucabanga kwabafundi kwezokwelapha. Ubuchwepheshe bezithombe ze-3D bunezinzuzo ezibalulekile ekufundiseni i-anatomy, futhi umphumela wokufundisa ungcono kunendlela yokufundisa yendabuko.
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UMnyango Wokuhlinzwa Komgogodla, Isibhedlela Segatsha Lase-Xuzhou Medical University, e-Xuzhou, e-Jiangsu, 221006, eShayina
Bonke ababhali banegalelo emcabangweni nasekwakhiweni kocwaningo. Ukulungiswa kwezinto, ukuqoqwa kwedatha kanye nokuhlaziywa kwenziwa nguSun Maji, uChu Fuchao noFeng Yuan. Uhlaka lokuqala lombhalo wabhalwa nguChunjiu Gao, futhi bonke ababhali baphawule ngezinguqulo zangaphambilini zombhalo wangaphambilini. Ababhali bafunde futhi bavuma umbhalo wokugcina.
Lolu cwaningo luvunyiwe yi-Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital Ethics Committee (XYFY2017-JS029-01). Bonke abahlanganyeli banikeze imvume enolwazi ngaphambi kocwaningo, bonke abantu abathintekayo babengabantu abadala abaphilile, futhi ucwaningo aluzange luphule iSimemezelo saseHelsinki. Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izindlela zenziwa ngokuhambisana neziqondiso nemithethonqubo efanele.
I-Springer Nature ayithathi hlangothi ezinsolweni zokubusa emabalazweni ashicilelwe kanye nokuzibandakanya kwezikhungo.
Ukufinyelela okuvulekile. Lesi sihloko sisatshalaliswa ngaphansi kweLayisensi Yamazwe Ngamazwe ye-Creative Commons Attribution 4.0, evumela ukusetshenziswa, ukwabelana, ukuzivumelanisa, ukusatshalaliswa, kanye nokukhiqizwa kabusha kunoma iyiphi indlela kanye nefomethi, uma nje uncoma umbhali wokuqala kanye nomthombo, uma nje ilayisensi ye-Creative Commons ixhumanisa futhi ibonise ukuthi izinguquko zenziwe. Izithombe noma ezinye izinto ezivela eceleni kulesi sihloko zifakiwe ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-Creative Commons yalesi sihloko, ngaphandle uma kuphawulwe ngenye indlela ekunikezelweni kwezinto. Uma izinto zingafakwanga kulayisensi ye-Creative Commons yesihloko futhi ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kungavunyelwe ngumthetho noma umthethonqubo noma kudlula ukusetshenziswa okuvunyelwe, kuzodingeka uthole imvume ngqo kumnikazi we-copyright. Ukuze ubuke ikhophi yale layisensi, vakashela ku-http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Isixwayiso sesizinda somphakathi se-Creative Commons (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) sisebenza kudatha enikezwe kulesi sihloko, ngaphandle uma kuphawulwe ngenye indlela ekubhalweni kwedatha.
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Ngokusebenzisa le sayithi, uyavuma Imigomo yethu Yokusebenzisa, amalungelo akho obumfihlo esifundazwe sase-US, Isitatimende Sobumfihlo kanye Nenqubomgomo Yamakhukhi. Izinketho Zakho Zobumfihlo / Phatha Amakhukhi Esiwasebenzisayo Esikhungweni Sezilungiselelo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-04-2023