Ukutadisha ukusetshenziswa kwenhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe be-imaging ye-3D kanye nemodi yokufunda esekelwe enkingeni ekuqeqeshweni komtholampilo okuhlobene nokuhlinzwa komgogodla.
Sebebonke, abafundi abangu-106 besifundo seminyaka emihlanu emkhakheni we-“Clinical Medicine” bakhethwa njengezifundo zalolu cwaningo, okuthe ngo-2021 bazoba ne-internship emnyangweni wamathambo esibhedlela esingaphansi kwe-Xuzhou Medical University.Laba bafundi bahlukaniswe ngokungahleliwe baba amaqembu okuhlola nawokulawula, nabafundi abangu-53 eqenjini ngalinye.Iqembu lokuhlola lisebenzise inhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe be-imaging be-3D kanye nemodi yokufunda ye-PBL, kuyilapho iqembu lokulawula lisebenzisa indlela yokufunda evamile.Ngemva kokuqeqeshwa, ukuphumelela kokuqeqeshwa emaqenjini amabili kwaqhathaniswa kusetshenziswa izivivinyo kanye nohlu lwemibuzo.
Isamba samaphuzu esivivinyweni setiyetha sabafundi beqembu lokuhlola sasiphezulu kunaleso sabafundi beqembu lokulawula.Abafundi bamaqembu amabili bahlole amamaki abo ngokuzimela esifundweni, kuyilapho amamaki abafundi beqembu lokuhlola ayephakeme kunalawo abafundi beqembu elilawulayo (P <0.05).Intshisekelo yokufunda, isimo sekilasi, ukusebenzisana kwekilasi, nokwaneliseka ngokufundisa bekuphakeme phakathi kwabafundi abaseqenjini lokuhlola kuneqembu lokulawula (P <0.05).
Inhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe bokuthwebula be-3D kanye nemodi yokufunda ye-PBL lapho kufundiswa ukuhlinzwa komgogodla kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokufunda kanye nentshisekelo yabafundi, futhi kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kokucabanga komtholampilo kwabafundi.
Eminyakeni yamuva, ngenxa yokuqoqwa okuqhubekayo kolwazi lwezokwelapha nobuchwepheshe, umbuzo wokuthi hlobo luni lwemfundo yezokwelapha lunganciphisa ngokuphumelelayo isikhathi esithathayo ukuguquka kusuka kubafundi bezokwelapha kuya kodokotela futhi sikhule ngokushesha izakhamuzi ezinhle kakhulu ziye zaba indaba ekhathazayo.kudonse ukunaka okukhulu [1].Ukuzijwayeza komtholampilo kuyisigaba esibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukucabanga komtholampilo kanye namakhono asebenzayo abafundi bezokwelapha.Ikakhulukazi, ukuhlinzwa kuphoqelela izidingo eziqinile kumakhono asebenzayo wabafundi nolwazi lwe-anatomy yomuntu.
Njengamanje, isitayela sokufundisa sendabuko sisabusa ezikoleni nasemithini yomtholampilo [2].Indlela yokufundisa yendabuko igxile kuthisha: uthisha uma emsamo adlulisele ulwazi kubafundi ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokufundisa zendabuko ezifana nezincwadi zokufunda kanye nezifundo zemultimedia.Isifundo sonke sifundiswa uthisha.Abafundi balalela kakhulu izinkulumo, amathuba ezingxoxo zamahhala nemibuzo anomkhawulo.Ngakho-ke, le nqubo ingaphenduka kalula ibe yimfundiso yohlangothi olulodwa kothisha kuyilapho abafundi besamukela isimo.Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokufundisa othisha ngokuvamile bathola ukuthi intshiseko yabafundi yokufunda ayiphezulu, isasasa aliphezulu, nomphumela mubi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunzima ukuchaza ngokucacile isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi somgogodla usebenzisa izithombe ze-2D ezifana ne-PPT, izincwadi ze-anatomy nezithombe, futhi akulula kubafundi ukuthi baqonde futhi baphumelele lolu lwazi [3].
Ngo-1969, indlela entsha yokufundisa, ukufunda okusekelwe ezinkingeni (PBL), yahlolwa eMcMaster University School of Medicine eCanada.Ngokungafani nezindlela zokufundisa zendabuko, inqubo yokufunda ye-PBL ithatha abafundi njengengxenye eyinhloko yenqubo yokufunda futhi isebenzisa imibuzo efanele njengemiyalelo yokusiza abafundi ukuba bafunde, baxoxisane futhi basebenzisane ngokuzimela ngamaqembu, babuze imibuzo ngentshiseko futhi bathole izimpendulo kunokuba bamukele ngokuthula., 5].Enqubweni yokuhlaziya nokuxazulula izinkinga, thuthukisa ikhono labafundi lokufunda ngokuzimela kanye nokucabanga okunengqondo [6].Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha bedijithali, izindlela zokufundisa zasemtholampilo nazo ziye zathuthukiswa kakhulu.Ubuchwepheshe be-imaging be-3D (3DV) buthatha idatha eluhlaza ezithombeni zezokwelapha, bungenise kusofthiwe yokumodela ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha i-3D, bese icubungula idatha ukuze idale imodeli ye-3D.Le ndlela inqoba imikhawulo yemodeli yokufundisa yendabuko, ihlanganisa ukunaka kwabafundi ngezindlela eziningi futhi isiza abafundi ngokushesha baqonde izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-anatomical [7, 8], ikakhulukazi emfundweni yamathambo.Ngakho-ke, lesi sihloko sihlanganisa lezi zindlela ezimbili zokutadisha umphumela wokuhlanganisa i-PBL nobuchwepheshe be-3DV kanye nemodi yokufunda yendabuko ekusebenziseni okungokoqobo.Umphumela uba okulandelayo.
Inhloso yocwaningo kwakungabafundi be-106 abangena umkhuba wokuhlinza umgogodla esibhedlela sethu ngo-2021, abahlukaniswe ngamaqembu okuhlola nokulawula besebenzisa ithebula lezinombolo ezingahleliwe, abafundi be-53 eqenjini ngalinye.Iqembu lokuhlola lalihlanganisa amadoda angu-25 nabesifazane abangu-28 abaneminyaka engu-21 kuya kwengu-23 ubudala, iminyaka yobudala eyi-22.6±0.8.Iqembu elilawulayo lalihlanganisa amadoda angama-26 nabesifazane abangama-27 abaneminyaka engu-21-24, isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala engama-22.6±0.9, bonke abafundi bangama-intern.Awukho umehluko obalulekile ngeminyaka yobudala nobulili phakathi kwamaqembu amabili (P>0.05).
Imibandela yokufakwa yilena elandelayo: (1) Abafundi besikhathi esigcwele abafundela iziqu zasemtholampilo beminyaka yesine;(2) Abafundi abakwazi ukuveza ngokucacile imizwa yabo yangempela;(3) Abafundi abangaqonda futhi bahlanganyele ngokuzithandela kuyo yonke inqubo yalolu cwaningo futhi basayine ifomu lemvume benolwazi.Imibandela yokukhishwa yilena elandelayo: (1) Abafundi abangahlangabezani nanoma iyiphi imibandela yokufakwa;(2) Abafundi abangafisi ukuhlanganyela kulokhu kuqeqeshwa ngenxa yezizathu zabo;(3) Abafundi abanolwazi lokufundisa lwe-PBL.
Ngenisa idatha ye-CT eluhlaza kusofthiwe yokulingisa futhi ungenise imodeli eyakhelwe kusofthiwe yokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ukuze iboniswe.Imodeli iqukethe izicubu zamathambo, ama-intervertebral discs kanye nezinzwa zomgogodla (Fig. 1).Izingxenye ezihlukene zimelelwa ngemibala ehlukene, futhi imodeli ingakhuliswa futhi ijikelezwe ngendlela oyifunayo.Inzuzo eyinhloko yaleli su ukuthi izendlalelo ze-CT zingabekwa kumodeli futhi ukucaca kwezingxenye ezahlukene kungalungiswa ukuze kugwenywe ngokuphumelelayo ukuvala.
Ukubuka Kwangemuva kanye nombono we-b Side.ku-L1, L3 kanye ne-pelvis yemodeli isobala.d Ngemva kokuhlanganisa isithombe se-CT cross-section nemodeli, ungakwazi ukusihambisa phezulu naphansi ukuze umise izindiza ze-CT ezihlukene.e Imodeli ehlanganisiwe yezithombe ze-sagittal CT kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemiyalo efihliwe yokucubungula i-L1 ne-L3
Okuqukethwe okuyinhloko kokuqeqeshwa kungokulandelayo: 1) Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwezifo ezivamile ekuhlinzeni komgogodla;2) Ulwazi lwe-anatomy yomgogodla, ukucabanga nokuqonda okwenzekayo nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo;3) Amavidiyo asebenzayo afundisa ulwazi oluyisisekelo.Izigaba zokuhlinzwa komgogodla ovamile, i-4) Ukubona ngeso lengqondo izifo ezijwayelekile ekuhlinzeni umgogodla, i-5) Ulwazi lwe-classical theory okumele lukhunjulwe, kuhlanganise nenkolelo-mbono ye-Dennis's three-column spine, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-spinal fractures, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-herniated lumbar spine.
Iqembu lokuhlola: Indlela yokufundisa ihlanganiswe ne-PBL kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuthwebula be-3D.Le ndlela ihlanganisa izici ezilandelayo.I-1) Ukulungiswa kwamacala ajwayelekile ekuhlinzeni umgogodla: Xoxani ngamacala e-spondylosis yomlomo wesibeletho, i-lumbar disc herniation, kanye ne-pyramidal compression fractures, icala ngalinye ligxile kumaphuzu ahlukene olwazi.Amacala, amamodeli e-3D namavidiyo okuhlinzwa athunyelwa kubafundi isonto elilodwa ngaphambi kwekilasi futhi bakhuthazwa ukuthi basebenzise imodeli ye-3D ukuhlola ulwazi lwe-anatomical.2) Ukulungiselela kusengaphambili: Imizuzu eyi-10 ngaphambi kwekilasi, yazisa abafundi ngenqubo ethile yokufunda ye-PBL, khuthaza abafundi ukuthi babambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo, basebenzise isikhathi ngokugcwele, futhi baqedele izabelo ngokuhlakanipha.Ukuhlukaniswa kweqembu kwenziwa ngemva kokuthola imvume yabo bonke ababambiqhaza.Thatha abafundi abayisi-8 kuya kwabayi-10 eqenjini, hlukanani nibe ngamaqembu ngokukhululekile ukuze nicabange ngolwazi lokusesha amacala, cabangani ngokuzifundela, nihlanganyele ezingxoxweni zamaqembu, niphendulane, ekugcineni nifingqe amaphuzu asemqoka, yenzeni idatha ehlelekile, bese nibhala ingxoxo.Khetha umfundi onamakhono aqinile enhlangano navezayo njengomholi weqembu ukuze ahlele izingxoxo zeqembu nezethulo.3) Umhlahlandlela Wothisha: Othisha basebenzisa isofthiwe yokulingisa ukuze bachaze i-anatomy yomgogodla ngokuhambisana nezimo ezivamile, futhi bavumele abafundi ukuthi basebenzise isofthiwe ngenkuthalo ukwenza imisebenzi efana nokusondeza, ukuzungezisa, ukubeka kabusha i-CT nokulungisa ukubonakala kwezicubu;Ukuze ube nokuqonda okujulile nokubamba ngekhanda isakhiwo sesifo, futhi ubasize ukuba bacabange ngokuzimela mayelana nezixhumanisi eziyinhloko ekuqaleni, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nenkambo yesifo.4) Ukushintshisana ngemibono nezingxoxo.Ekuphenduleni imibuzo ebhalwe ngaphambi kwekilasi, nikeza izinkulumo zengxoxo yekilasi futhi umeme umholi weqembu ngamunye ukuthi abike ngemiphumela yengxoxo yeqembu ngemva kwesikhathi esanele sokuxoxisana.Ngalesi sikhathi, iqembu lingabuza imibuzo futhi lisizane, kanti uthisha kudingeka abhale ngokucophelela futhi aqonde izitayela zokucabanga zabafundi kanye nezinkinga ezihambisana nazo.5) Isifinyezo: Ngemva kokuxoxa nabafundi, uthisha uzophawula ngendlela abafundi abadlale ngayo, afingqe futhi aphendule ngokuningiliziwe imibuzo ethile evamile neyimpikiswano, futhi aveze inkombandlela yokufunda yesikhathi esizayo ukuze abafundi bakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nendlela yokufundisa ye-PBL.
Iqembu elilawulayo lisebenzisa imodi yokufunda evamile, liyala abafundi ukuthi bahlole kuqala izinto zokusebenza ngaphambi kwekilasi.Ukuze baqhube izifundo zethiyori, othisha basebenzisa amabhodi amhlophe, amakharikhulamu emidiya exubile, izinto zevidiyo, amamodeli amasampula nezinye izinsiza-kufundisa, baphinde bahlele izifundo zokuqeqeshwa ngokuhambisana nezinto zokufundisa.Njengesengezo sekharikhulamu, le nqubo igxile ebunzimeni obufanele kanye namaphuzu asemqoka encwadi yokufunda.Ngemva kwenkulumo, uthisha wafingqa indaba futhi wakhuthaza abafundi ukuba babambe ngekhanda futhi baqonde ulwazi olufanele.
Ngokuhambisana nokuqukethwe kokuqeqeshwa, kwamukelwa ukuhlolwa kwencwadi evaliwe.Imibuzo eyinhloso ikhethwa emibuzweni efanele ebuzwe odokotela eminyakeni edlule.Imibuzo eyisihloko ihlelwa nguMnyango Wezamathambo futhi ekugcineni ihlolwe ngamalungu obuhlakani angazithathi izivivinyo.Bamba iqhaza ekufundeni.Amamaki aphelele esivivinyo amaphuzu ayi-100, futhi okuqukethwe kuso ikakhulukazi kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili ezilandelayo: 1) Imibuzo yezinhloso (ikakhulukazi imibuzo enezinketho eziningi), evivinya ngokuyinhloko ukuqonda kwabafundi izici zolwazi, okungamaphesenti angama-50 wamaphuzu aphelele. ;2) Imibuzo yezihloko (imibuzo yokuhlaziywa kwamacala), ikakhulukazi egxile ekuqondeni okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwezifo ngabafundi, okungamaphesenti angama-50 wenani eliphelele.
Ekupheleni kwesifundo, kwethulwa uhlu lwemibuzo olunezingxenye ezimbili nemibuzo eyisishiyagalolunye.Okuqukethwe okuyinhloko kwale mibuzo kuhambisana nezinto ezivezwe etafuleni, futhi abafundi kufanele baphendule imibuzo yalezi zinto ngamamaki agcwele amaphuzu ayi-10 kanye nephuzu eli-1 okungenani.Amaphuzu aphezulu akhombisa ukwaneliseka okuphezulu komfundi.Imibuzo ekuThebula 2 imayelana nokuthi inhlanganisela yezindlela zokufunda ze-PBL ne-3DV ingasiza yini abafundi baqonde ulwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi lomsebenzi.Izinto zethebula 3 zibonisa ukwaneliseka kwabafundi ngazo zombili izindlela zokufunda.
Yonke idatha yahlaziywa kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ye-SPSS 25;imiphumela yokuhlolwa yavezwa njengokuchezuka okujwayelekile ± okujwayelekile (x ± s).Idatha yobuningi yahlaziywa nge-ANOVA yendlela eyodwa, idatha yekhwalithi yahlaziywa ngokuhlolwa kwe-χ2, futhi ukulungiswa kuka-Bonferroni kwasetshenziselwa ukuqhathanisa okuningi.Umehluko obalulekile (P<0.05).
Imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwezibalo zamaqembu amabili ibonise ukuthi amaphuzu emibuzweni ehlosiwe (imibuzo yokukhetha eminingi) yabafundi beqembu elilawulayo ayephezulu kakhulu kunalawo abafundi beqembu lokuhlola (P <0.05), kanye namaphuzu yabafundi beqembu lokulawula babephezulu kakhulu, kunabafundi beqembu lokuhlola (P <0.05).Amaphuzu emibuzo eqondile (imibuzo yokuhlaziya udaba) yabafundi beqembu lokuhlola abephezulu kakhulu kunalawo abafundi beqembu lokulawula (P <0.01), bona Ithebula.1.
Uhlu lwemibuzo olungaziwa lwasatshalaliswa ngemva kwawo wonke amakilasi.Sekukonke, kwasatshalaliswa imibuzo eyi-106, eyi-106 yayo yabuyiselwa, kanti izinga lokutholwa kwaba ngu-100.0%.Wonke amafomu asegcwalisiwe.Ukuqhathaniswa kwemiphumela yocwaningo lohlu lwemibuzo ngezinga lokuthola ulwazi lochwepheshe phakathi kwamaqembu amabili abafundi kwembula ukuthi abafundi beqembu lokuhlola bazazi kahle izigaba eziyinhloko zokuhlinzwa komgogodla, ulwazi lokuhlela, ukuhlukaniswa kwezifo ngokwezigaba zakudala, njll. .Umehluko ububalulekile ngokwezibalo (P<0.05) njengoba kuboniswe kuThebula 2.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwezimpendulo zemibuzo ehlobene nokweneliseka kokufundisa phakathi kwamaqembu amabili: abafundi eqenjini lokuhlola bathole amaphuzu aphezulu kunabafundi abaseqenjini elilawulayo ngokwentshisekelo yokufunda, isimo sekilasi, ukusebenzisana kwekilasi, nokwaneliseka ngokufundisa.Umehluko ububalulekile ngokwezibalo (P<0.05).Imininingwane ikhonjisiwe kuThebula 3.
Ngokuqoqwa okuqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi njengoba singena ekhulwini lama-21, umsebenzi wokwelapha ezibhedlela uya uba nzima nakakhulu.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abafundi bezokwelapha bangakwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nomsebenzi wokwelapha futhi bathuthukise amathalente ezokwelapha ekhwalithi ephezulu ukuze kuzuze umphakathi, ukufundisa okungokwesiko kanye nemodi ehlangene yokufunda bahlangabezana nobunzima ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezingokoqobo zomtholampilo.Imodeli yendabuko yemfundo yezokwelapha ezweni lakithi inezinzuzo zenani elikhulu lolwazi ekilasini, izidingo eziphansi zemvelo, kanye nohlelo lolwazi lokufundisa olungahlangabezana nezidingo zokufundisa izifundo zethiyori [9].Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lwemfundo lungaholela kalula egebeni phakathi kwethiyori nokwenza, ukwehla kwesinyathelo kanye nomdlandla wabafundi ekufundeni, ukungakwazi ukuhlaziya ngokucophelela izifo eziyinkimbinkimbi ekusebenzeni komtholampilo, ngakho-ke, abakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezokwelapha eziphakeme. imfundo.Eminyakeni yamuva, izinga lokuhlinzwa komgogodla ezweni lami liye landa ngokushesha, futhi ukufundisa ukuhlinzwa komgogodla kuye kwabhekana nezinselele ezintsha.Ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kwabafundi bezokwelapha, ingxenye enzima kakhulu yokuhlinzwa i-orthopedics, ikakhulukazi ukuhlinzwa komgogodla.Amaphuzu olwazi awancane futhi awakhathazi nje kuphela ukukhubazeka komgogodla kanye nezifo, kodwa futhi nokulimala kanye nezimila zamathambo.Le mibono ayiyona nje into engaqondakali futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa futhi ihlobene eduze ne-anatomy, pathology, imaging, biomechanics, kanye neminye imikhakha, okwenza okuqukethwe kwakho kube nzima ukukuqonda nokukhumbula.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindawo eziningi zokuhlinzwa komgogodla zikhula ngokushesha, futhi ulwazi oluqukethwe ezincwadini ezikhona seluphelelwe yisikhathi, okwenza kube nzima kothisha ukufundisa.Ngakho, ukushintsha indlela yokufundisa evamile kanye nokuhlanganisa intuthuko yakamuva ocwaningweni lwamazwe ngamazwe kungenza ukufundiswa kolwazi olufanele lwethiyori kube okusebenzayo, kuthuthukise ikhono labafundi lokucabanga ngendlela enengqondo, futhi kukhuthaze abafundi ukuba bacabange ngokujulile.Lokhu kushiyeka ohlelweni lokufunda lwamanje kudinga ukubhekwana nakho ngokushesha ukuze kuhlolwe imingcele nemikhawulo yolwazi lwesimanje lwezokwelapha futhi kunqobe izithiyo zendabuko [10].
Imodeli yokufunda ye-PBL iyindlela yokufunda egxile kumfundi.Ngokufunda nge-heuristic, ukufunda okuzimele kanye nezingxoxo ezixoxwayo, abafundi bangawukhulula ngokugcwele umdlandla wabo futhi basuke ekwamukeleni ulwazi ngokungenzi lutho baye ekuhlanganyeleni ngenkuthalo ekufundiseni kukathisha.Uma kuqhathaniswa nemodi yokufunda esekwe esifundweni, abafundi ababamba iqhaza kumodi yokufunda ye-PBL banesikhathi esanele sokusebenzisa izincwadi zokufunda, i-inthanethi, nesoftware ukucinga izimpendulo zemibuzo, ukucabanga ngokuzimela, nokuxoxa ngezihloko ezihlobene endaweni yeqembu.Le ndlela ithuthukisa ikhono labafundi lokucabanga ngokuzimela, ukuhlaziya izinkinga nokuxazulula izinkinga [11].Enqubeni yengxoxo yamahhala, abafundi abahlukene bangaba nemibono eminingi eyahlukene mayelana nodaba olufanayo, okunikeza abafundi inkundla yokwandisa ukucabanga kwabo.Thuthukisa ukucabanga okuhlakaniphile kanye nekhono lokucabanga elinengqondo ngokucabanga okuqhubekayo, futhi uthuthukise ikhono lokukhuluma ngomlomo nomoya weqembu ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana phakathi kofunda nabo ekilasini [12].Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukufundisa i-PBL kuvumela abafundi ukuthi baqonde ukuthi bangahlaziya kanjani, bahlele futhi basebenzise ulwazi olufanele, baqonde izindlela zokufundisa ezifanele futhi bathuthukise amakhono abo aphelele [13].Phakathi nenqubo yethu yokutadisha, sithole ukuthi abafundi babenesithakazelo esikhulu ekufundeni indlela yokusebenzisa isofthiwe ye-imaging ye-3D kunokuqonda imiqondo yezokwelapha eyisicefe evela ezincwadini zokufunda, ngakho-ke ocwaningweni lwethu, abafundi eqenjini lokuhlola bavame ukukhuthazeka kakhulu ekubambeni iqhaza ekufundeni. inqubo.kangcono kuneqembu lokulawula.Othisha kufanele bakhuthaze abafundi ukuthi bakhulume ngesibindi, bathuthukise ukuqaphela izifundo zabafundi, futhi bavuselele intshisekelo yabo yokuhlanganyela ezingxoxweni.Imiphumela yokuhlola ibonisa ukuthi, ngokolwazi lwenkumbulo yomshini, ukusebenza kwabafundi eqenjini lokuhlola kuphansi kunalelo leqembu elilawulayo, nokho, ekuhlaziyeni icala lomtholampilo, elidinga ukusetshenziswa okuyinkimbinkimbi kolwazi olufanele, ukusebenza kwabafundi eqenjini lokuhlola kungcono kakhulu kuneqembu elilawulayo, eligcizelela ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-3DV neqembu lokulawula.Izinzuzo zokuhlanganisa imithi yesintu.Indlela yokufundisa ye-PBL ihlose ukuthuthukisa amakhono abafundi nxazonke.
Imfundiso ye-anatomy iphakathi kwemfundiso yomtholampilo yokuhlinzwa komgogodla.Ngenxa yesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi somgogodla kanye neqiniso lokuthi ukuhlinzwa kuhilela izicubu ezibalulekile ezifana nomgogodla, izinzwa zomgogodla, nemithambo yegazi, abafundi kudingeka babe nomcabango wendawo ukuze bafunde.Ngaphambilini, abafundi babesebenzisa izithombe ezinezinhlangothi ezimbili njengemifanekiso yezincwadi zokufunda kanye nezithombe zevidiyo ukuze bachaze ulwazi olufanele, kodwa naphezu kwaleli nani lezinto ezibonakalayo, abafundi babengenawo umqondo onembile futhi onezinhlangothi ezintathu kulesi sici, okubangele ubunzima ekuqondeni.Uma kubhekwa izici eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-physiological and pathological of the spine, njengobudlelwane phakathi kwezinzwa zomgogodla kanye nezingxenye zomzimba we-vertebral, kwamanye amaphuzu abalulekile futhi anzima, njengokuhlukaniswa nokuhlukaniswa kwe-vertebral fractures yomlomo wesibeletho.Abafundi abaningi babike ukuthi okuqukethwe kokuhlinzwa komgogodla kuyinto engabonakali, futhi abakwazi ukuyiqonda ngokugcwele phakathi nezifundo zabo, futhi ulwazi olufundile lukhohliwe ngokushesha ngemva kwekilasi, okuholela ebunzimeni emsebenzini wangempela.
Esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokubonwa kwe-3D, umbhali unikeza abafundi izithombe ezicacile ze-3D, izingxenye ezihlukene ezimelelwe imibala ehlukene.Ngenxa yemisebenzi efana nokujikeleza, ukukala nokubeka izinto obala, imodeli yomgogodla kanye nezithombe ze-CT zingabukwa ngezendlalelo.Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi izici ze-anatomical zomzimba we-vertebral zingabonwa ngokucacile, kodwa futhi zikhuthaze isifiso sabafundi sokuthola isithombe esiyisicefe se-CT somgogodla.kanye nolwazi oluqhubekayo oluqinisayo emkhakheni wokubona ngeso lengqondo.Ngokungafani namamodeli namathuluzi okufundisa asetshenziswe esikhathini esidlule, umsebenzi wokucubungula obala ungaxazulula ngokuphumelelayo inkinga yokuvala, futhi kulula kakhulu kubafundi ukuthi babheke ukwakheka okuhle kwe-anatomical kanye nesiqondiso se-nerve esiyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi kwabaqalayo.Abafundi bangasebenza ngokukhululeka inqobo nje uma beza namakhompyutha abo, futhi azikho izimali ezihambisanayo.Le ndlela ithatha indawo ekahle yokuqeqeshwa kwendabuko kusetshenziswa izithombe ze-2D [14].Kulolu cwaningo, iqembu lokulawula lenze kangcono emibuzweni enenjongo, ebonisa ukuthi imodeli yokufundisa inkulumo ayikwazi ukuphikiswa ngokuphelele futhi isenayo inani elithile ekufundiseni komtholampilo kokuhlinzwa komgogodla.Lokhu kutholwa kusishukumisele ukuthi sicabangele ukuthi singahlanganisa yini imodi yokufunda yendabuko nemodi yokufunda ye-PBL ethuthukisiwe ngobuchwepheshe bokubonwa kwe-3D, okuqondiswe ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zezivivinyo nabafundi bamazinga ahlukene, ukuze kwandiswe umthelela wezemfundo.Nokho, akucaci ukuthi lezi zindlela ezimbili zingahlanganiswa futhi kanjani nokuthi abafundi bazokwamukela yini inhlanganisela enjalo, okungaba isiqondiso socwaningo lwangomuso.Lolu cwaningo luphinde lubhekane nokubi okuthile njengokuchema okungaba khona kokuqinisekisa lapho abafundi begcwalisa uhlu lwemibuzo ngemva kokubona ukuthi bazobe bebambe iqhaza kumodeli entsha yezemfundo.Lokhu kuhlolwa kokufundisa kwenziwa kuphela kumongo wokuhlinzwa komgogodla futhi ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka uma kungasetshenziswa ekufundiseni zonke iziyalo zokuhlinza.
Sihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-imaging be-3D nemodi yokuqeqesha ye-PBL, sinqobe imikhawulo yemodi yokuqeqesha evamile namathuluzi okufundisa, futhi sifunde ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kwale nhlanganisela ekuqeqeshweni kwesilingo somtholampilo ekuhlinzeni umgogodla.Uma sibheka imiphumela yokuhlolwa, imiphumela yokuhlolwa eqondile yabafundi beqembu lokuhlola ingcono kuneyabafundi beqembu elilawulayo (P <0.05), kanye nolwazi lobungcweti nokwaneliseka ngezifundo zabafundi beqembu lokuhlola. nazo zingcono kunalezo zabafundi beqembu lokuhlola.iqembu lokulawula (P<0.05).Imiphumela yohlolo lwemibuzo ibingcono kunaleyo yeqembu elilawulayo (P <0.05).Ngakho, ukuhlola kwethu kuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe be-PBL kanye ne-3DV iwusizo ekwenzeni abafundi bakwazi ukusebenzisa ukucabanga komtholampilo, bathole ulwazi lochwepheshe, futhi bakhulise intshisekelo yabo yokufunda.
Inhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe be-PBL kanye ne-3DV ingathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kahle komtholampilo kwabafundi bezokwelapha emkhakheni wokuhlinzwa komgogodla, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokufunda kanye nentshisekelo yabafundi, futhi isize ekuthuthukiseni ukucabanga komtholampilo kwabafundi.Ubuchwepheshe bokuthwebula be-3D bunezinzuzo ezibalulekile ekufundiseni i-anatomy, futhi umphumela wokufundisa usuwonke ungcono kunemodi yokufundisa evamile.
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Bonke ababhali babe nesandla emqondweni nasekuklanyweni kocwaningo.Ukulungiswa kwezinto, ukuqoqwa kwedatha nokuhlaziya kwenziwa ngabakwa-Sun Maji, Chu Fuchao kanye no-Feng Yuan.Uhlaka lokuqala lombhalo wesandla lwabhalwa nguChunjiu Gao, futhi bonke ababhali baphawule ngezinguqulo zangaphambilini zombhalo wesandla.Ababhali bafunde futhi bagunyaza umbhalo wesandla wokugcina.
Lolu cwaningo lugunyazwe iKomidi Lezimiso Zokuziphatha Lesibhedlela Senyuvesi I-Xuzhou Medical Affiliated Hospital (XYFY2017-JS029-01).Bonke abahlanganyeli banikeze imvume enolwazi ngaphambi kocwaningo, zonke izifundo zazingabantu abadala abanempilo, futhi ucwaningo aluzange lwephule iSimemezelo sase-Helsinki.Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izindlela zenziwa ngokuhambisana neziqondiso nemithethonqubo efanele.
I-Springer Nature ihlala ingathathi hlangothi ezimangalweni zeziphathimandla kumamephu ashicilelwe kanye nenhlangano ehlangene yesikhungo.
Vula ukufinyelela.Le ndatshana isatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwe-Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, evumela ukusetshenziswa, ukwabelana, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, ukusatshalaliswa, kanye nokukhiqizwa kabusha nganoma iyiphi indlela nefomethi, inqobo nje uma ufaka ikhredithi kumbhali wangempela nomthombo, inqobo nje uma ilayisensi ye-Creative Commons ixhuma futhi ibonisa. uma izinguquko zenziwe.Izithombe noma okunye okubalulekile okuvela eceleni kulesi sihloko kufakwe ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-Creative Commons yalesi sihloko, ngaphandle uma kuboniswe ngenye indlela esibalulweni sento.Uma okokusebenza kungafakiwe kulayisense ye-athikili ye-Creative Commons futhi ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe akuvunyelwe ngokomthetho noma ngokomthetho noma kudlula ukusetshenziswa okuvunyelwe, uzodinga ukuthola imvume ngokuqondile kumnikazi we-copyright.Ukuze ubuke ikhophi yale layisensi, vakashela ku-http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.I-Creative Commons (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) umshwana wokuzihlangula wesizinda somphakathi usebenza kudatha enikezwe kulesi sihloko, ngaphandle uma kuboniswe ngenye indlela ekubhalweni kwedatha.
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Ngokusebenzisa le sayithi, uyavumelana neMigomo yethu Yokusebenzisa, amalungelo akho obumfihlo esifunda sase-US, Isitatimende Sobumfihlo kanye Nenqubomgomo Yekhukhi.Izinketho Zakho Zobumfihlo / Phatha Amakhukhi Esiwasebenzisa Esikhungweni Sezilungiselelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-04-2023