Ukuze utadishe ukusetshenziswa kwenhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe bokucabanga nge-3D kanye nemodi yokufunda esekwe yinkinga ekuqeqeshweni komtholampilo okuhlobene nokuhlinzwa komgogodla.
Sekukonke, abafundi abangu-106 besikhathi seminyaka emihlanu yokufunda "imishanguzo yezempilo" bakhethwe njengezifundo zocwaningo, abazoba nomfundi oMnyango Wezama-Orthopedics esibhedlela esixhumene ne-Xuzhou Medical University. Laba bafundi bahlukaniswe ngezikhathi ezithile baba amaqembu okuhlola nawokulawula, abafundi abangama-53 eqenjini ngalinye. Iqembu lokuhlola lasebenzisa inhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe bokucabanga nge-3D kanye nemodi yokufunda ye-PBL, ngenkathi iqembu lokulawula lisebenzisa indlela yokufunda yendabuko. Ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa, ukusebenza kahle kokuqeqeshwa emaqenjini amabili kuqhathaniswa kusetshenziswa izivivinyo kanye nemibuzo imibuzo.
Isibalo esiphelele ekuhlolweni kwethiyori kwabafundi beqembu lokuhlola bebephakeme kunalokho kwabafundi beqembu lokulawula. Abafundi balawa maqembu womabili bahlola ngokuzimela amabanga abo esifundweni, ngenkathi amamaki wabafundi beqembu lokuhlola ayephakeme kunaleyo yabafundi beqembu lokulawula (P <0.05). Intshisekelo yokufunda, isimo sekilasi, ukusebenzisana kwekilasi, nokwaneliseka ngokufundisa bekuphezulu phakathi kwabafundi eqenjini lokuhlola kuneqembu lokulawula (P <0.05).
Inhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe bokucabanga nge-3D nemodi yokufunda ye-PBL lapho ukufundisa ukuhlinzwa komgogodla kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kanye nentshisekelo yabafundi, futhi kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kokucabanga kwabafundi.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenxa yokuqongelelwa okuqhubekayo kolwazi lwezempilo nobuchwepheshe, umbuzo wokuthi hlobo luni lwezemfundo yezokwelapha olunganciphisa ngempumelelo isikhathi esithatha khona ukuguqukela kubafundi bezokwelapha futhi ngokushesha abahlali abahle baye baba yindaba yokukhathazeka. ukuheha ukunakwa okuningi [1]. Ukwenza emtholampilo kuyisigaba esibalulekile ekwakhiweni kokucabanga kwemitholampilo kanye namakhono asebenzayo wabafundi bezokwelapha. Ikakhulu, imisebenzi yokuhlinzwa ebeka izidingo eziqinile kumakhono asebenzayo wabafundi nolwazi lwe-anatomy yabantu.
Njengamanje, isitayela sendabuko senkulumo yokufundisa sisabusa ezikoleni nasemitholampilo [2]. Indlela yokufundisa yendabuko igxile kuthisha: Uthisha ume nge-podium futhi udlulisela ulwazi kubafundi ngezindlela zokufundisa zendabuko ezinjengezincwadi zemibhalo kanye ne-multimedia curricula. Yonke inkambo ifundiswa uthisha. Abafundi balalela kakhulu izinkulumo, amathuba engxoxo yamahhala nemibuzo ilinganiselwe. Ngenxa yalokho, le nqubo ingaphenduka kalula ekutholeni uhlangothi olulodwa olusebashadishi ngenkathi abafundi basamukela kalula isimo. Ngakho-ke, enqubweni yokufundisa, othisha bavame ukuthola ukuthi intshiseko yabafundi yokufunda ayiphezulu, umdlandla awuphakeme, futhi umphumela mubi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunzima ukuchaza ngokucacile ukwakheka okulula komgogodla usebenzisa izithombe ze-2D ezifana ne-PPT, izincwadi ze-anatomy nezithombe, futhi akulula ukuba abafundi baqonde futhi bakwazi kahle lolu lwazi [3].
Ngo-1969, indlela entsha yokufundisa, ukufunda okusekwe yizinkinga (i-PBL), kwahlolwa esikoleni saseMcMaster University of Medicine eCanada. Ngokungafani nezindlela zokufundisa zendabuko, inqubo yokufunda ye-PBL iphatha abafundi njengengxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokufunda futhi isebenzisa imibuzo efanelekile njenge-Requist , 5]. Enqubweni yokuhlaziya nokuxazulula izinkinga, ukuthuthukisa amandla abafundi okufunda okuzimele nokucabanga okunengqondo [6]. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha zedijithali, izindlela zokufundisa zomtholampilo nazo ziye zathuthukiswa kakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe be-3D bakEchnology (3DV) buthatha idatha eluhlaza kusuka kuzithombe zezokwelapha, ukungenise kwisoftware yokumodela yokwakhiwa kabusha kwe-3D, bese icubungula imininingwane yokwakha imodeli ye-3D. Le ndlela inqoba ukulinganiselwa kwemodeli yendabuko yendabuko, ihambisa ukunakwa kwabafundi ngezindlela eziningi futhi isiza abafundi ngokushesha izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-anatomical [7, 8], ikakhulukazi emfundweni yamathambo. Ngakho-ke, le ndatshana ihlanganisa lezi zindlela ezimbili ukutadisha umphumela wokuhlanganisa i-PBL ngobuchwepheshe be-3DV nemodi yokufunda yendabuko ngohlelo lokusebenza olusebenzayo. Umphumela uba okulandelayo.
Into yocwaningo bangabafundi abangu-106 abangene emgogodleni bokuzijwayeza kwesibhedlela ngo-2021, abahlukaniswe ngamaqembu okuhlola nawokulawula esebenzisa itafula lezinombolo ezingahleliwe, abafundi abangama-53 eqenjini ngalinye. Iqembu lokuhlola lalinamadoda angama-25 nabesifazane abangama-28 abaneminyaka engu-21 kuye kwangama-23 ubudala, basho iminyaka engama-22.6 ± iminyaka engu-0,8. Iqembu elilawulayo lifaka amadoda angama-26 kwabesifazane abangu-27 ubudala abaneminyaka engama-21 kuya kwangama-24, isilinganiso seminyaka engu-22.6 ± iminyaka engu-0,9, bonke abafundi bangabafundi. Kwakungekho mehluko obalulekile eminyakeni nobulili phakathi kwamaqembu amabili (P> 0.05).
Izindlela zokufaka zimi ngokulandelayo: (1) Abafundi be-Bachelor be-Bachelor besikhathi esigcwele besikhathi esigcwele; (2) Abafundi abangaveze imizwa yabo yangempela; (3) Abafundi abangakwazi ukuqonda futhi ngokuzithandela iqhaza kuyo yonke inqubo yalolu cwaningo basayine ifomu lemvume enolwazi. Izindlela zokukhishwa zimi ngokulandelayo: (1) Abafundi abangahlangabezani nanoma yiziphi izindlela zokufaka; (2) Abafundi abangafisi ukubamba iqhaza kulokhu kuqeqeshwa ngenxa yezizathu zabo; (3) Abafundi abanolwazi lokufundisa lwe-PBL.
Ngenisa idatha eluhlaza ye-CT ku-software sekulingisa futhi ungenise imodeli eyakhelwe kwisoftware ekhethekile yokuqeqesha. Imodeli iqukethe izicubu zamathambo, ama-disc we-invertertebral kanye nezinzwa zomgogodla (Umdwebo 1). Izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zimelelwa yimibala ehlukene, futhi imodeli ingandiswa futhi ijikelezwe njengoba ifuneka. Inzuzo enkulu yaleli qhinga ukuthi izingqimba ze-CT zingabekwa kwimodeli futhi ukucaca kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene kungashintshwa ukuze ugweme ngempumelelo i-Occlusion ngempumelelo.
ukubuka kwangemuva nokubukwa kwe-B. Ku-L1, L3 kanye ne-pelvis yemodeli zisobala. D Ngemuva kokuhlanganisa isithombe se-CT Cross-Section nge-Model, ungayisusa phezulu naphansi ukusetha izindiza ezahlukahlukene ze-CT. e imodeli ehlanganisiwe yezithombe ze-sagittal CT kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemiyalo efihliwe yokucubungula i-L1 ne-L3
Okuqukethwe okuyinhloko kokuqeqeshwa kungokulandelayo: 1) Ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo ezijwayelekile ekuhlinzeni komgogodla; 2) Ulwazi lwe-anatomy yomgogodla, ukucabanga nokuqonda ngokuvela nokuthuthuka kwezifo; 3) Amavidiyo okusebenza afundisa ulwazi oluyisisekelo. Izigaba zokuhlinzwa komgogodla ojwayelekile, 4) ukubona ngeso lezo zifo ezijwayelekile ekuhlinzweni komgogodla, 5) Ulwazi lwe-theory le-Classical ukukhumbula, kufaka phakathi umbono womgogodla we-dennis 'ezintathu, ukuhlukaniswa komgogodla we-lumbar.
Iqembu lokuhlola: Indlela yokufundisa ihlanganiswe ne-PBL ne-3D imaging technology. Le ndlela ifaka phakathi izici ezilandelayo. 1) Ukulungiselela amacala ajwayelekile ekuhlinzweni komgogodla: Xoxa ngamacala omlomo wesibeletho, i-lumbar disc herniation, kanye nokucindezelwa kwePiramidal, kanye necala ngalinye eligxile kumaphoyinti ahlukene olwazi. Amacala, amamodeli we-3D namavidiyo okuhlinza athunyelwe kubafundi ngesonto ngaphambi kweklasi futhi akhuthazwa ukuthi asebenzise imodeli ye-3D ukuvivinya ulwazi lwe-anatomical. 2) Ukulungiselela kwangaphambilini: imizuzu eyi-10 ngaphambi kweklasi, kugqugquzele abafundi kwinqubo ethile yokufunda ye-PBL, khuthaza abafundi ukuthi babambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo, basebenzise ngokugcwele isikhathi, kanye nezabelo eziphelele ngokuhlakanipha. Ukuhlangana kwenziwa ngemuva kokuthola imvume yabo bonke ababambe iqhaza. Thatha abafundi abayi-8 kuye kwayi-10 eqenjini, bahlukanise ngokukhululeka ukuze bacabange ngolwazi lokucinga, bacabange ngokuzitadisha, baphendule omunye amaphuzu, bese befingqa amaphuzu asemqoka, bese beqopha ingxoxo. Khetha umfundi onamakhono aqinile wenhlangano futhi azwakalayo njengomholi weqembu ukuhlela izingxoxo zeqembu nezethulo. 3) Umhlahlandlela Womfundisi: Othisha basebenzisa isoftware sekulingisa ukuchaza i-anatomy yomgogodla ngokuhlanganiswa namacala ajwayelekile, futhi bavumele abafundi ukuthi basebenzise ngentshiseko le-software ukwenza imisebenzi efana nokusondeza, ukujikeleza, ukubuyisela kabusha i-CT; Ukuba nokuqonda okujulile kanye nokukhumbula ngekhanda ukwakheka kwalesi sifo, futhi kusize ukuthi bacabange ngokuzimela ngezixhumanisi eziphambili ekusungulweni, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nalesi sifo. 4) ukushintshana kokubukwa nokuxoxisana. Ephendula imibuzo ebhalwe ngaphambi kwekilasi, nikeza izinkulumo zokuxoxisana ngekilasi bese umemezela umholi ngamunye weqembu ukuthi abike ngemiphumela yengxoxo yeqembu ngemuva kwesikhathi esanele sokuxoxisana. Ngalesi sikhathi, iqembu lingabuza imibuzo futhi lisizane, ngenkathi uthisha edinga ukululabala ngokucophelela futhi aqonde izitayela zokucabanga zabafundi nezinkinga ezihambisana nazo. 5) Isifinyezo: Ngemuva kokuxoxa ngabafundi, uthisha uzophawula ngokusebenza kwabafundi, afingqe futhi aphendule ngokuningiliziwe imibuzo evamile futhi ephikisanayo, futhi aveze indlela yokuqondisa indlela yesikhathi esizayo ukuze abafundi bakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nendlela yokufundisa ye-PBL.
Iqembu lokulawula lisebenzisa imodi yokufunda yendabuko, ukufundisa abafundi ukubuka kuqala izinto zokwakha ngaphambi kweklasi. Ukwenza izinkulumo zethiyori, othisha basebenzisa ama-whiteboards, amakharikhulamu we-multimedia, izinto zevidiyo, amamodeli wesampula kanye nezinye izinsizakusebenza, futhi ahlele inkambo yokuqeqeshwa ngokuya ngezinto zokufundisa. Njengesengezo kwikharikhulamu, le nqubo igxile ebunzimeni obufanele namaphuzu asemqoka encwadini. Ngemuva kwenkulumo, uthisha wafitha lokhu okuqukethwe futhi wakhuthaza abafundi ukuthi babambe ngekhanda futhi baqonde ulwazi olufanele.
Ngokuya ngokuqukethwe kokuqeqeshwa, kwamukelwa incwadi evaliwe yencwadi. Imibuzo enenhloso ikhethiwe emibuzweni efanelekile ebuzwa ngabasebenza ngezokwelapha eminyakeni edlule. Imibuzo ekhonjiwe yakhiwa nguMnyango Wezama-Orthopedics futhi ekugcineni ihlolwe ngamalungu e-Faculty athi angakuthathi izivivinyo. Bamba iqhaza ekufundeni. Umaki ogcwele wokuhlolwa ngamaphuzu ayi-100, futhi okuqukethwe kwawo ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi izingxenye ezimbili ezilandelayo: 1) Imibuzo eminingi ekhethwayo (imibuzo eminingi ekhethwayo), okuthi ikakhulukazi ukuhlola ikakhulu izinto zabafundi zezinto, okuyi-50% yamaphuzu aphelele ; 2) Imibuzo ebonakalayo (imibuzo yokuhlaziywa kwamacala), ikakhulukazi igxile ekuqondeni okuhlelweni kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezifo ngabafundi, okuyi-50% yesikolo esiphelele.
Ekupheleni kwesifundo, kwavezwa uhlu lwemibuzo olunezingxenye ezimbili nemibuzo eyisishiyagalolunye yethulwa. Okuqukethwe okuyinhloko kwale mibuzo kuhambelana nezinto ezethulwe etafuleni, futhi abafundi kumele baphendule imibuzo kulezi zinto ngophawu oluphelele lwamaphoyinti ayi-10 kanye noMark okungenani wephuzu elingu-1. Izikolo eziphakeme zibonisa ukwaneliseka okuphezulu kwabafundi. Imibuzo eseThebula 2 imayelana nokuthi ngabe inhlanganisela ye-PBL nezindlela zokufunda ze-3DV ingasiza abafundi baqonde ulwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi lobuchwepheshe. Izinto zethebula 3 zibonisa ukwaneliseka kwabafundi ngazo zombili izindlela zokufunda.
Yonke imininingwane yahlaziywa kusetshenziswa isoftware ye-SPSS 25; Imiphumela yokuhlola yavezwa njengokuphambuka ± okujwayelekile (x ± s). Idatha enesilinganiso ihlelwe nge-ANOVA yendlela eyodwa, idatha yokufaneleka yahlaziywa yi-χ2 test, kanye nokulungiswa kukaBonferonine kusetshenziselwa ukuqhathanisa okuningi. Umehluko obalulekile (p <0.05).
Imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwezibalo kwamaqembu amabili ikhombise ukuthi izikolo zemibuzo enenhloso (imibuzo eminingi yokuzikhethela) yabafundi beqembu lokulawula babephakeme kakhulu kunaleyo yabafundi beqembu lokuhlola (P <0.05), kanye nezikolo Kubafundi beqembu lokulawula babephakeme kakhulu, kunabafundi beqembu lokuhlola (P <0.05). Izikolo zemibuzo elandelanayo (imibuzo yokuhlaziya amacala) yabafundi beqembu lokuhlola babephakeme kakhulu kunaleyo yabafundi beqembu lokulawula (P <0.01), bheka itafula. 1.
Amaphepha emibuzo angaziwa asatshalaliswa ngemuva kwawo wonke amakilasi. Sekukonke, kusatshalaliswa imibuzo engama-106, abangu-106 babo, kanti izinga lokutakula lalingu-100.0%. Onke amafomu aqediwe. Ukuqhathaniswa kwemiphumela yocwaningo lwemibuzo ngezinga lokutholakala kolwazi lobuchwepheshe phakathi kwala maqembu amabili abafundi aveze ukuthi abafundi beqembu leqembu elisezingeni eliphezulu lokuhlinzwa komgogodla, njll. . Umehluko wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo (p <0.05) njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuThebula 2.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwezimpendulo kumaphepha emibuzo ahlobene nokwaneliseka okuphakathi kwalawa maqembu amabili: Abafundi eqenjini lokuhlola bathole amaphuzu aphezulu eqenjini lokufunda, umkhathi wasekilasini, ukusebenzelana nekilasi, nokwaneliseka ngokufundisa. Umehluko waba obalulekile ngokwezibalo (p <0.05). Imininingwane ikhonjiswa kuThebula 3.
Ngokuqongelelwa okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi njengoba singena kuleli khulu lama-21, umsebenzi wemitholampilo ezibhedlela kuya ngokuya kuyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi abafundi bezokwelapha bangavumelanisa ngokushesha emsebenzini wemitholampilo futhi bathuthukise amathalente aphezulu wezokwelapha ukuze kusizakale umphakathi, i-Indoctrination yendabuko kanye nemodi ehlanganisiwe yokuhlola ubunzima ekuxazululeni izinkinga zomtholampilo ezisebenzayo. Imodeli yendabuko yemfundo yezokwelapha ezweni lami inezinzuzo zenani elikhulu lemininingwane ekilasini, izidingo zemvelo eziphansi, kanye nohlelo lolwazi lwe-pedagogical elingahlangabezana nezidingo zokufundisa izifundo zethiyori [9]. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lwemfundo lungaholela kalula kwigebe phakathi kwethiyori nokuzilolonga, ukuncipha kokuqala kwabafundi ekufundeni, ngakho-ke, ukuhlaziya okuphelele kwezifo eziyinkimbinkimbi ekusebenzeni kwemitholampilo futhi, ngakho-ke, akunakuhlangabezana nezidingo zezokwelapha eziphakeme Ezemfundo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinga lokuhlinzwa komgogodla ezweni lami lenyuke ngokushesha, futhi imfundiso yokuhlinzwa komgogodla ibhekane nezinselelo ezintsha. Ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kwabafundi bezokwelapha, ingxenye enzima kakhulu yokuhlinzwa yi-Orthopedics, ikakhulukazi ukuhlinzwa komgogodla. Amaphoyinti wolwazi ancane futhi akhathazeki hhayi kuphela ukonakala kanye nokutheleleka, kodwa futhi alimala futhi alimaze amathambo. Le miqondo ayigcini nje kuphela futhi iyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa futhi ihlobene kakhulu ne-anatomy, i-pathology, ukucabanga, i-biomechanics, nezinye izindlela, okwenza kube nzima ukuqonda nokukhumbula. Ngasikhathi sinye, izindawo eziningi zokuhlinzwa komgogodla zithuthuka ngokushesha, futhi ulwazi oluqukethwe ezincwadini ezikhona, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi othisha bafundise. Ngakho-ke, ukuguqula indlela yokufundisa yendabuko nokufaka intuthuko yakamuva ocwaningweni lwamazwe omhlaba kungenza ukufundiswa kolwazi olufanele lwezemibono lusebenze, kuthuthukise amandla abafundi okucabanga ngokunengqondo, futhi kugqugquzele abafundi ukuthi bacabangisise. Lawa maphutha kwinqubo yokufunda yamanje kufanele abhekiswe ngokushesha ukuze ahlole imingcele kanye nemikhawulo yolwazi lwesimanje lwezokwelapha futhi anqobe izithiyo zendabuko [10].
Imodeli yokufunda ye-PBL iyindlela yokufunda egxile kumfundi. Nge-Heuristic, izimele zokufunda nezingxoxweni ezisebenzayo, abafundi bangakhipha umdlandla wabo ngokugcwele futhi basuke ekuvumeleni nje kolwazi ekuhlanganyeleni okusebenzayo ekufundiseni kothisha. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemodi yokufunda esekwe kwizinkulumo, abafundi ababamba iqhaza kwimodi yokufunda ye-PBL babe nesikhathi esanele sokusebenzisa izincwadi, i-Intanethi, kanye nesoftware ukucinga izimpendulo zemibuzo, cabanga ngokuzimela, futhi baxoxe ngezihloko ezihlobene nasendaweni yeqembu. Le ndlela ithuthukisa amandla abafundi okucabanga ngokuzimela, ihlaziye izinkinga futhi ixazulule izinkinga [11]. Ngenqubo yengxoxo yamahhala, abafundi abahlukile bangaba nemibono eminingi ehlukene mayelana nenkinga efanayo, enikeza abafundi ipulatifomu yokwandisa ukucabanga kwabo. Thuthukisa ukucabanga kokudala kanye nekhono lokucabanga elinengqondo ngokucabanga okuqhubekayo, futhi uthuthukise amandla okubonisa ngomlomo kanye nomoya weqembu ngokuxhumana phakathi kwabafunda nabo ekilasini [12]. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukufundisa i-PBL kuvumela abafundi ukuthi baqonde ukuthi bahlaziya kanjani, bahlele futhi basebenzise ulwazi olufanele, basebenzise izindlela ezifanele zokufundisa futhi bathuthukise amakhono abo aphelele [13]. Ngesikhathi senqubo yethu yokutadisha, sathola ukuthi abafundi babenesifiso sokufunda ukuthi bayisebenzisa kanjani isoftware yokucabanga nge-3D kunokuqonda imiqondo yezokwelapha ebabazekayo, esifundweni sethu, abafundi abaseqenjini lokuhlola bavame ukugqugquzelwa ngokwengeziwe ekufundeni inqubo. okungcono kuneqembu elilawulayo. Othisha kufanele bagqugquzele abafundi ukuthi bakhulume ngesibindi, bathuthukise ukuqaphela kwabafundi, futhi bavuse isithakazelo sabo ekuhlanganyeleni ezingxoxweni. Imiphumela yokuhlola ikhombisa ukuthi, ngokolwazi lwememori yemishini, ukusebenza kwabafundi eqenjini lokuhlola kuphansi kunalokho kweqembu lokulawula, noma ngabe kusetshenziswa uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi, Ukusebenza kwabafundi eqenjini lokuhlola kungcono kakhulu kuneqembu elilawulayo, eligcizelela ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-3DV neqembu lokulawula. Izinzuzo zokuhlanganisa umuthi wendabuko. Indlela yokufundisa ye-PBL ihlose ukuthuthukisa amakhono ayindilinga wonke wabafundi.
Imfundiso ye-anatomy isenkabeni yokufundiswa komtholampilo kokuhlinzwa komgogodla. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi somgogodla kanye neqiniso lokuthi ukusebenza kuhilela izicubu ezibalulekile ezinjengentambo yomgogodla, izinzwa zomgogodla kanye nemithambo yegazi, abafundi kudingeka babe nomcabango wendawo ukuze bafunde. Phambilini, abafundi basebenzise izithombe ezinezinhlangothi ezimbili njengemifanekiso ye-TextBook kanye nezithombe zevidiyo ukuchaza ulwazi olufanele, kepha naphezu kwalesi sikhathi sezinto ezibonakalayo, abafundi bebengenawo umqondo oqondakalayo futhi abangela ubunzima ekuqondeni. Ngenxa yezici eziyinkimbinkimbi zomzimba kanye ne-pathological of the umgogodla, njengobudlelwano phakathi kwezinzwa zomgogodla nezingxenye zomzimba we-vertebral, ngamanye amaphuzu abalulekile futhi anzima, njengokuhlukaniswa kwezimo zomlomo wesibeletho. Abafundi abaningi babike ukuthi okuqukethwe ukuhlinzwa komgogodla akujwayelekile, futhi abakwazi ukukuqonda ngokuphelele phakathi nezifundo zabo, futhi ulwazi olufundile lukhohliwe ngemuva nje kwekilasi, okuholela ebunzimeni obukhona.
Usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokubuka kwe-3D, umbhali uveza abafundi ngezithombe ezicacile ze-3D, izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zazo ezimelelwa yimibala ehlukene. Ngenxa yokusebenza njengokujikeleza, ukukala nokusobala, imodeli yomgogodla nezithombe ze-CT zingabukwa ezingxenyeni ezithile. Hhayi kuphela ukuthi izici ze-anatomical zomzimba we-vertebral zibhekwe ngokusobala, kepha futhi zivusa isifiso sabafundi ukuthola isithombe se-CT esiyisidina somgogodla. kanye nokuqinisa ulwazi emkhakheni wokubuka ngamehlo. Ngokungafani namamodeli namathuluzi okufundisa asetshenziswe esikhathini esedlule, umsebenzi wokucubungula okusobala ungayixazulula ngempumelelo inkinga ye-Occlusion, futhi kulula kakhulu ukuthi abafundi bakwazi ukubona ukwakheka okuhle kwe-anatomical kanye nokuqondisa kwezinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi kwabaqalayo. Abafundi bangasebenza ngokukhululeka inqobo nje uma beletha amakhompyutha abo, futhi azikho noma yiziphi izimali ezihambisanayo. Le ndlela ingukubuyiselwa okukahle kokuqeqeshwa kwendabuko kusetshenziswa izithombe ze-2D [14]. Kulolu cwaningo, iqembu elilawulayo lenziwa kangcono emibuzweni enengqondo, okubonisa ukuthi imodeli yokufundisa yenkulumo ayikwazi ukwenqatshwa ngokuphelele futhi isenenani elithile ekufungweni komtholampilo kokuhlinzwa komgogodla. Lokhu okutholwe kusishukumisele ukuthi sibheke ukuthi sizohlanganisa yini imodi yokufunda yendabuko ngemodi yokufunda ye-PBL ithuthukiswe ngobuchwepheshe bokubonwa kwe-3D, okubhekiswe ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezivivinyo kanye nabafundi bamazinga ahlukene. Kodwa-ke, akucaci ukuthi lezi zindlela ezimbili zingahlanganiswa kanjani nokuthi abafundi bazokwamukela yini ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo, okungaba yisiqondiso socwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo. Lolu cwaningo luphinde lubhekane nobubi obuthile obufana nokuqinisekiswa kokuqinisekisa lapho abafundi beqedela imibuzo ngemuva kokubona ukuthi bazobamba iqhaza kwimodeli entsha yezemfundo. Lokhu kuhlola okufundiswa kwenziwa kuphela kumongo wokuhlinzwa komgogodla futhi kudingeka ukuqhubeka kokuhlolwa uma kungasetshenziswa ekufundiseni kwazo zonke izigwegwe zonke.
Sihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-3D bokucabanga nge-PBL Training Mode, banqobe ukulinganiselwa kwemodi yokuqeqeshwa kwendabuko namathuluzi okufundisa, futhi batadishe ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwale nhlanganisela ekuqeqeshweni kwecala lomsezingeni. Ukwahlulela ngemiphumela yokuhlola, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokuhlola yabafundi beqembu lokuhlola ingcono kunaleyo yabafundi beqembu elilawulayo (P <0.05), nolwazi lobuchwepheshe kanye nokwaneliseka ngezifundo zabafundi beqembu lokuhlola futhi zingcono kunalezo zabafundi beqembu lokuhlola. iqembu elilawulayo (P <0.05). Imiphumela yocwaningo lwemibuzo yayingcono kunaleyo yeqembu lokulawula (P <0.05). Ngakho-ke, izivivinyo zethu ziqinisekisa ukuthi inhlanganisela ye-PBL ne-3DV Technologies iyasiza ekuvumeleni abafundi ukuthi basebenzise ukucabanga kwemitholampilo, bathole ulwazi lobuchwepheshe, futhi bandise intshisekelo yabo ekufundeni.
Inhlanganisela ye-PBL ne-3DV Technologies ingathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kwezindlela zomtholampilo zabafundi bezokwelapha emkhakheni we-Spine Surgery, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kanye nentshisekelo yabafundi, futhi isize ukuthuthukisa ukucabanga kwemitholampilo. Ubuchwepheshe be-3D bokucabanga bunezinzuzo ezinkulu ekufundiseni i-anatomy, futhi umphumela wokufundisa jikelele ungcono kunemodi yokufundisa yendabuko.
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UMnyango Wokuhlinzwa Kwe-Spine, Isibhedlela saseCuzhou Seilvign Univerdical Granch, xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221006, China
Bonke ababhali bafake isandla emcabangweni nasekwakhekeni kocwaningo. Ukulungiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuqoqwa kwedatha nokuhlaziywa kwenziwa yiSun Maji, Chu Fuchao noFeng Yuan. Okusalungiswa kokuqala kombhalo wesandla kwabhalwa nguChunjiu Gao, futhi bonke ababhali baphawula ngezinguqulo ezedlule zombhalo wesandla. Ababhali bafunda futhi bavumele umbhalo wesandla wokugcina.
Lolu cwaningo luvunyelwe yi-Xuzhou Medical Medical Ethics Comkomitics (XYFY2017-JS029-01). Bonke ababambiqhaza banikeze imvume enolwazi ngaphambi kocwaningo, zonke izifundo zazinempilo yabantu abadala, futhi isifundo asizange sephule ukumenyezelwa kweHelsinki. Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izindlela zenziwa ngokuya ngemihlahlandlela efanele nemigomo.
Imvelo yasentwasahlobo ihlala ingathathi hlangothi ezifweni zombuso kumamephu ashicilelwe kanye nokuzibandakanya kwezikhungo.
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Ilanga Ming, Chu Fang, Gao Cheng, et al. Ukucabanga kwe-3D kuhlanganiswe nemodeli yokufunda esekwe yinkinga ekufundiseni ukuhlinzwa kwe-Spine BMC Ezemfundo 22, 840 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03931-5
Ngokusebenzisa le sayithi, uyavuma imigomo yokusebenzisa, amalungelo akho obumfihlo e-US State, isitatimende sobumfihlo kanye nenqubomgomo yekhukhi. Ukukhetha kwakho ubumfihlo / ukuphatha amakhukhi esiwasebenzisa esikhungweni sezilungiselelo.
Isikhathi sePosi: Sep-04-2023