Imodeli Yokulingisa Ipulasitiki Yezokwelapha Imodeli Yokwakheka Kwegazi Lomuntu I-PVC Uhlelo Lokujikeleza Kwegazi Lomuntu I-Manikin Yokuqeqeshwa Ezikoleni

Isingeniso Somkhiqizo Wezinhlobo Zezokwelapha Zesistimu Yokujikeleza Kwegazi
I. Ukubuka Konke Komkhiqizo
Lena imodeli yezokwelapha ephinda kakhulu uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi lomuntu, ihlose ukuhlinzeka ngamathuluzi okufundisa nokubhekisela aqondakala kalula futhi anembile emikhakheni efana nemfundo yezokwelapha, ucwaningo, kanye nesayensi ethandwayo. Ngobuciko obucophelelayo kanye nomklamo wobungcweti, isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kanye nendlela yokusebenza komzimba yohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi ivezwa ngokucacile.
Ii. Izici Zomkhiqizo
(1) Ukuvuselelwa kwesakhiwo okunembile
Imodeli iveza ngokuphelele amakamelo amane enhliziyo (i-atrium yesobunxele, i-ventricle yesobunxele, i-atrium yesokudla, kanye ne-ventricle yesokudla), kanye nemithambo yegazi emikhulu exhunywe kuyo, okuhlanganisa i-aorta, umthambo wamaphaphu, umthambo wamaphaphu, i-vena cava ephezulu nengaphansi, njll. Inethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi, imithambo yegazi kanye nama-capillary emzimbeni wonke nayo inemininingwane eminingi, kuze kufike emagatsheni amancane emithambo yegazi, angabonisa ngokucacile imithambo yegazi emincane futhi avumele abasebenzisi ukuthi babone ngokunembile isiqondiso kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwegazi emithanjeni yegazi ehlukene.
(2) Umehluko wombala uhlukile
Ukuhlonza umbala okwaziwa emhlabeni wonke kuyamukelwa. Ipayipi elibomvu limelela igazi elinomoya-mpilo omningi emithanjeni yegazi, kanti ipayipi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka limelela igazi elinomoya-mpilo omningi. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kombala okuhlukile kwenza indlela yokujikeleza kwegazi icace ngokushesha, okwenza kube lula ukuqonda izinqubo zokujikeleza kwegazi okujwayelekile kanye nokujikeleza kwamaphaphu, kanye nokufakwa komoya-mpilo kanye nezindlela zokushintshana kwegazi phakathi kwenhliziyo nazo zonke izitho zomzimba wonke.
(3) Izinto eziphephile nezihlala isikhathi eside
Yenziwe ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ezingenabo ubuthi futhi ezingenangozi ezinobungani nemvelo, inokuthinta okungokoqobo, ukumelana okuhle nokushaqeka kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka, futhi akulula ukuyishintsha noma ukuyifiphaza. Ubuso bemodeli bubushelelezi, kulula ukuyihlanza futhi buyibulala amagciwane, futhi bufanele ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezahlukene njengamakilasi okufundisa kanye nama-laboratory.
(4) Ukuboniswa kwemininingwane kucebile
Ngaphezu kwesistimu yemithambo yegazi, ikhombisa nesakhiwo se-valve yangaphakathi yenhliziyo kanye nezici zokujikeleza kwegazi kwezinye izitho ezibalulekile (njengesibindi, izinso, njll.), iveza izindima ezikhethekile zalezi zitho ekujikelezeni kwegazi futhi isize abasebenzisi baqonde ngokujulile ukuxhumana phakathi kokujikeleza kwegazi nemisebenzi yezitho ezahlukahlukene.
Iii. Izimo Zokusebenza
(1) Imfundo yezokwelapha
Kuyasebenza ekufundiseni izifundo ze-anatomy kanye ne-physiology ezifundweni ezifanele ezifana namakolishi ezokwelapha kanye namakolishi abahlengikazi. Othisha bangasebenzisa amamodeli ukuchaza ngokubonakalayo ulwazi olungabonakali njengomgomo wokujikeleza kwegazi kanye nendlela yokusebenza kwenhliziyo, okwenza kube lula ngabafundi ukuqonda nokufunda kahle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungasetshenziswa futhi njengethuluzi lokufunda kwabafundi ngokuzimela kanye nezingxoxo zamaqembu ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yokufunda kanye namakhono okusebenza asebenzayo.
(II) Ucwaningo Lwezokwelapha
Ihlinzeka ngezinkomba ezibonakalayo zabacwaningi bezifo zenhliziyo, isiza ekuhlaziyeni izinguquko ze-pathological ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi lapho kuvela izifo, njengomthelela we-arteriosclerosis, i-thrombosis, njll. esakhiweni semithambo yegazi kanye ne-hemodynamics, futhi isiza ekucwaningweni kwezindlela ezintsha zokuxilonga kanye namasu okwelapha.
(III) Ukwenziwa Kwabantu Bathandeke Kwesayensi Yezokwelapha
Njengoba ibekwe eminyuziyamu yesayensi nobuchwepheshe, iminyuziyamu nakwezinye izindawo, isakaza ulwazi lwezempilo yabantu emphakathini, iveza ngokucacile nangokucacile imfihlakalo yokujikeleza kwegazi, ithuthukisa ukuqwashisa komphakathi ngokubaluleka kwempilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, futhi iqinisa ukuqaphela ukunakekelwa kwempilo.
Iv. Imiyalelo Yokusebenzisa
Ukuphatha nokubeka: Uma uphatha, phatha ngokucophelela ukuze ugweme ukushayisana nokudlidliza okunamandla. Kubeke esitendini sokubonisa esiqinile nesomile noma ebhentshini lelebhu ukuqinisekisa ukuqina komodeli.
Ukuhlanza nokulungisa: Sula njalo ubuso bemodeli ngesihlanzi esincane kanye nendwangu ethambile emanzi ukuze ususe uthuli namabala. Gwema ukusebenzisa izihlanzi ezibola kakhulu noma izinto eziqinile ukuze uklwebhe imodeli.
Izimo Zokugcina: Uma kudingeka indawo yokugcina isikhathi eside, kufanele ibekwe endaweni enomoya omuhle, izinga lokushisa elifanele kanye nomswakama omaphakathi ukuvimbela imodeli ukuthi ingonakali ngenxa yezici zemvelo.