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ISITATENITRITE Ifomethi ye-Flated Classroom (FC) Flash Classroom (FC) idinga abafundi ukuthi babuyekeze izihloko zethiyori besebenzisa izinto ezinikezwe ngaphambi kokufundiswa ubuso nobuso. Umgomo yilokho ngoba abafundi bajwayelene nokuqukethwe, bazothola okuningi ngokuxhumana kwabo nomfundisi. Le fomethi ikhonjiswe ukukhulisa ukwaneliseka kwabafundi, ukusebenza kwezifundo, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo, kanye nokuhola ekuzuzeni okuphezulu kwezemfundo.
Izindlela. Lesi sihloko sichaza inguquko yesicelo sohlelo lokusebenza lwamazinyo ne-biomitaltalts esikoleni samazinyo sase-UK kusuka endleleni yezinkulumo zendabuko efomethi ye-hybrid FC ngesikhathi sonyaka we-hybrid FC ngesikhathi sonyaka wezifundo ze-HYBRIDE, futhi iqhathanisa nempendulo yomfundi ngaphambi nangemva kokushintsha.
Impendulo ehlelekile nengahlelekile etholwe kubafundi okulandela izinguquko zinendawo ngokuphelele.
Ingxoxo ye-FC ikhombisa isithembiso esihle njengethuluzi labesilisa ezifundweni zomtholampilo, kepha okunye ukucwaninga okuningana kuyadingeka, ikakhulukazi ukukala impumelelo yezemfundo.
Isikole samazinyo e-UK sithathe ngokugcwele indlela yeklasi lasekilasini (FC) ekufundiseni izinto zamazinyo kanye ne-biomom.
Indlela ye-FC ingashintshwa nezifundo ze-asynchronous kanye nezivumelaniswa ukuze kutholwe izindlela zokufundisa zokufunda ezihlanganisiwe, ezithinta ikakhulukazi ngenxa yobhubhane lwe-covil-19.
Eminyakeni yamuva, ngenxa yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, izindlela eziningi ezintsha, ezithokozisayo nezithandekayo zokufundisa ziye zachazwa futhi zahlolwa. Indlela entsha yabesilisa ibizwa ngokuthi "ikilasi elicwengekileyo" (FC). Le ndlela idinga ukuthi abafundi babukeze izici zethiyori ezifundweni ezinikezwe (izinkulumo eziqoshwe ngaphambili) ngaphambi kokufundiswa ubuso nobuso, bathola ulwazi oluningi ekuxhumaneni nalo Umfundisi. isikhathi. Le fomethi ikhonjisiwe ukuthuthukisa ukwaneliseka kwabafundi1, impumelelo yezemfundo, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo2,3, kanye nokuphumelela okuphezulu kwezemfundo. 4,5 Ukusetshenziswa kwale ndlela entsha yokufundisa kulindeleke ukuthi kuthuthukiswe ukwaneliseka kwabafundi ngezinto zokwakha amazinyo ezisetshenzisiwe kanye ne-biomom Inhloso yalolu cwaningo ukukala ukwaneliseka kwabafundi ngenkambo ngaphambi nangemva koshintsho ekufundisweni kwethiyori njengoba kukalwa yifomu lokuhlola izifundo zabafundi (SCEF).
Indlela ye-FC ngokuvamile isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha, ngakho-ke izinkulumo ziqedwa kusuka kuhlelo futhi zilethwe online ngaphambi kokuthi othisha baqale ukusebenzisa imiqondo. 6 selokhu yasungulwa ezikoleni eziphakeme zase-US, indlela ye-FC isiphenduke imfundo ephakeme. 6 Indlela ye-FC ifakazele ukuthi iphumelele ezinhlobonhlobo zezokwelapha ezingama-1,7 kanye nobufakazi bokusebenzisa kwayo nempumelelo kuyavela kumazinyo. 3,4,8,9 Yize imiphumela eminingi emihle ibikiwe mayelana nokwaneliseka kwabafundi, okungu-1,9 kunobufakazi bokuqala obuxhumanisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwezifundo. I-4,10,11 Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta okusanda kwenziwa kwe-FC kwinqwaba yezindlela zezempilo ezitholakale ukuthi i-FC ikhiqize intuthuko enkulu ekufundeni kwabafundi ngokuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokufundisa zamazinyo nayo ithola ukuthi ixhase kangcono ukusebenza kwezemfundo abafundi. 13.14
Kunezinselelo ekufundisweni kwamazinyo mayelana nezitayela zokufunda ezine ezihlonishwayo ezichazwe uju kanye no-mumford 15 oluphefumulelwe umsebenzi weKolb. Ithebula eli-16 libonisa ukuthi inkambo engafundiswa kanjani usebenzisa indlela ye-hybrid FC yokuhlalisa zonke lezi zitayela zokufunda.15
Ngokwengeziwe, lesi sitayela sezifundo esiguquliwe kulindeleke ukuthi sithuthukise ukucabanga kwezinga eliphakeme. Isebenzisa i-Bloom's taxconomy njengohlaka, izinkulumo eziku-inthanethi zenzelwe ukudlulisela ulwazi kanye nokokufundisa zenzelwe ukuhlola nokuthuthukisa ukuqonda ngaphambi kokuhlelwa kwezandla ekuhlaziyeni. I-KOLB Learning Cycle 18 iyinhloso yokufunda yokufunda esungulwe efanele ukusetshenziswa ekufundisweni kwamazinyo, ikakhulukazi ngoba kuyindaba esebenzayo. Ithiyori isuselwa emcabangweni wokuthi abafundi bafunda ngokwenza. Kulokhu, isipiliyoni sezandla-kokuxubana ekuxubeni kanye nokusingatha imikhiqizo yamazinyo kuthuthukisa umuzwa wokufundisa, kujulisa ukuqonda kwabafundi, futhi kunwebe ukusetshenziswa kwesihloko. Abafundi banikezwa ngezincwadi zomsebenzi eziqukethe izakhi zezandla ukusekela ukufundwa kokuhlangenwe nakho, njengoba kuboniswe kuKolb Cycle 18 (Umdwebo 1). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-workshop asebenzayo wokufunda esekwe yizinkinga angezwe kulolu hlelo. Banezelwe ukufezekisa ukufunda okujulile futhi bagqugquzela abafundi ukuba babe abafundi abazimele. 19
Ngokwengeziwe, le ndlela ye-hybrid FC kulindeleke ukuthi ivimbe igebe elijwayelekile phakathi kwezitayela zokufundisa nokufunda. Izitshudeni ezingama-20 namuhla kungenzeka zibe yisizukulwane uY. Lesi sizukulwane ngokuvamile sisebenzisana ngokwezobuchwepheshe, siphendula ngobuchwepheshe, siphendula ekuqeqeshweni ngempendulo ngokushesha, 21 konke okufakiwe kwindlela ye-Hybrid FC. Uhlamvu lweshumi eliphansi
Sixhumane neKomidi Lokubukeza Ezobulungiswa Kwezokwelapha ukuthola ukuthi isibuyekezo sokuziphatha siyadingeka yini. Ukuqinisekiswa okubhaliwe kwatholakala ukuthi lolu cwaningo luyisifundo sokuhlola senkonzo ngakho-ke ukuvunyelwa kokuziphatha kwakungadingeki.
Ukwenza lula ukuguqulwa kwendlela ye-FC, kulo mongo kwakubhekwa njengento efanelekile ukwenza ukweqisa okukhulu kwe-Admon & B Ikharikhulamu. Inkambo ehlongozwayo idonswa ekuqaleni noma i-Story board 22 ngumholi wezifundo zemfundo ebhekele inkambo, uyihlukanise ngezihloko ezichazwe ngendaba yakhe. Izinkulumo ezi-mini, ezibizwa ngokuthi "izinkulumo," zaguqulwa kusuka ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo zemfundo etholakala ngaphambili ezirekhodiwe zagcinwa futhi zigcinwe njengezethulo ze-PowerPoint (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Redmond, Redmond, Waisher) ezihlobene nesihloko ngasinye. Bavame ukuba mfushane, okwenza kube lula ukuthi abafundi bagxile futhi banciphise amathuba okulahlekelwa yintshisekelo. Baphinde bakuvumele ukudala izifundo eziguquguqukayo zokuguquguquka kwezinguquko, njengoba ezinye izihloko zihlanganisa izindawo eziningi. Isibonelo, kusetshenziselwa izinto ezijwayelekile zokubonisa amazinyo ukwenza amazinyo akhiphekayo kanye nokubuyiselwa okulungisiwe, okuhlanganiswa kwizifundo ezimbili ezihlukene. Inkulumo ngayinye ehlanganisa izinto zezinkulumo zendabuko yaqoshwa njenge-podcast isebenzisa ukuqoshwa kwevidiyo njengoba lokhu kutholakale ukuthi kuphumelele kakhulu ekugcinweni kokugcinwa kolwazi kusetshenziswa iPanopto eSeattto eSeattte, eSeattte, eSeattto eSeattto eSeattto eSeattto eSeattto eSeattto eSeattto eSeattto eSeattto eSeattto eSeattto eSeattto, e-USA23. Lawa ma-podcasts ayatholakala kwimvelo yokufunda yaseyunivesithi (vle). Isifundo sizovela kwikhalenda lomfundi futhi isethulo sizoba seMicrosoft Inc. Abafundi bakhuthazwa ukuthi babuke ama-podcasts zezethulo zezinkulumo, abavumele baphawule ngamanothi noma babhale noma yimiphi imibuzo efika engqondweni ngaleso sikhathi. Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwezilayidi zezinkulumo nama-podcasts, kuhlelwa amakilasi ezengeziwe nemisebenzi yezandla. Abafundi baye belulekwe ngamazwi ngumxhumanisi wezifundo ukuthi badinga ukubukeza izinkulumo ngaphambi kokuhambela tutorials kanye nezindlela zokusebenza ukuze baphumelele kakhulu futhi bafake isandla encwadini yezifundo.
Lezi tutorials zithatha izinkulumo zangaphambilini zesikhathi esilungisiwe futhi zinikezwe ngaphambi kwezikhathi ezisebenzayo. Othisha basiza ukufundisa ngokuvumelanisa imfundiso ukuze bavumelane nezidingo zabo zokufunda. Iphinde inikeze ithuba lokugqamisa amaphuzu asemqoka, ukuhlola ulwazi nokuqonda, ukunika amandla izingxoxo zabafundi, kanye nokwenza imibuzo. Lolu hlobo lokuxhumana kontanga lukhonjiswe ukukhuthaza ukuqonda okujulile komqondo. 11 UGali et al 24 uthole ukuthi, ngokungafani nokufundiswa okusekelwe kwendabuko kokuqukethwe kwamazinyo, izingxoxo ezisuselwa ekufundweni zasiza abafundi ukuthi baxhumane ekufundeni ngokomitholampilo. Abafundi baphinde babike ukuthi bathola ukufundisa okushukumisayo futhi kuyathakazelisa. Imihlahlandlela yokufunda kwesinye isikhathi ifaka ama-quizzes nge-OMBEA Respont (O-Ltd., London, UK). Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi umphumela wokuhlola we-quizzes unomthelela omuhle emiphumeleni yokufunda ngaphezu kokuhlola ukuqonda kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezenziwa ngaphambi kobuso bakhe bethulwe ngaphambi kobuso bakhe bezethulwe -6
Njengokuhlala njalo, ekugcineni kwesemester ngayinye, abafundi bayamenywa ukuba banikeze impendulo esemthethweni ngemibiko ye-SCEF. Qhathanisa impendulo ehlelekile nengakahlelekile etholakele ngaphambi kokushintsha ifomethi yesihloko.
Ngenxa yenani elincane labafundi kwisifundo ngasinye ku-Faculty of Dentistry e-University of Aberdeen kanye nenani elilinganiselwe labasebenzi abathintekayo ekuletheni amazwana abakwa-ADM & B, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ucaphune amazwana abafundi ngqo. Lo mbhalo ufakiwe ukuze ulondoloze futhi uvikele ukungaziwa.
Kodwa-ke, kwaqashelwa ukuthi ukuphawula kwabafundi nge-SCEF ikakhulukazi kwawela ezigabeni ezine eziphambili, okungukuthi: Indlela yokufundisa, isikhathi sokufundisa kanye nokutholakala kolwazi nokuqukethwe.
Ngokuqondene nezindlela zokufundisa, ngaphambi kokuba ushintsho lapho babengabafundi abangenelisekile kunabanelisekile. Ngemuva koshintsho, inani labafundi abathi banelisekile kakhulu kunokwaneliseki. Yonke imibono ephathelene nobude besikhathi sokufundisa ngezinto zokwakha ezivela ekungeneliseni ngokungafanele. Lokhu kuphindwe ezimpendulweni zabafundi ekufinyeleleni kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Okuqukethwe okuqukethwe akuzange kushintshe okuningi, futhi abafundi bahlale benelisekile ngolwazi olunikeziwe, kodwa njengoba lushintsha, abafundi abaningi nabangeziwe basabela kahle kokuqukethwe.
Ngemuva koshintsho kwindlela yokufunda ye-FC ehlanganisiwe, abafundi bahlinzeke ngempendulo engaphezulu ngefomu le-SCEF ukwedlula ngaphambi koshintsho.
Ukuhlolwa kwamanani akufakiwe embikweni wokuqala we-SCEF kodwa kwethulwa ngonyaka wezifundo zango-2019/20 emzameni wokulinganisa ukwamukelwa kanye nokusebenza kahle. I-Course Rement kanye nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwefomethi yokufunda kwalinganiselwa esikalini samaphoyinti amane: Vumelana kakhulu (SA), ngokuvamile uyavuma (GA), ngokuvamile avumelani (i-SD). Njengoba kungabonakala kusuka kwizibalo 2 no-3, bonke abafundi bathola izifundo zithakazelisa futhi ziyasebenza, futhi umfundi oyedwa we-BDS3 kuphela ongatholanga ifomethi yokufunda esebenza ngokuphelele.
Ukuthola ubufakazi bokusekela izinguquko ekwakhiweni kweqiniso kunzima ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zokuqukethwe nezitayela, ngakho-ke ukwahlulela ochwepheshe kuvame ukudingeka. 2 Noma kunjalo, kwazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha ezikhona zabesilisa kanye nobufakazi obuvelayo bokusebenza kwe-FC emfundweni yezokwelapha, le ndlela ibonakala ilungele kakhulu inkambo okukhulunywa ngayo, njengoba nathi abafundi bangaphambilini banelisekile ngokuya ngokuhambisana nokuqukethwe. phezulu kakhulu, kepha ukufundisa kuphansi kakhulu.
Impumelelo yefomethi entsha ye-FC yalinganiswa ngempendulo ehlelekile futhi engahlelekile yabafundi nokuqhathanisa namazwana atholwe ngefomethi edlule. Njengoba kulindeleke, abafundi bathi bayithanda ifomethi ye-FC ngoba bangafinyelela izinto eziku-inthanethi njengoba kudingeka, ngesikhathi sabo, futhi bazisebenzise ngejubane labo. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi emibonweni eyinkimbinkimbi nemiqondo lapho abafundi bangafuna khona ukuphinda isigaba kaninginingi kuze kube yilapho beyiqonda. Iningi labafundi lalisandakanyeka ngokuphelele kwinqubo, nalabo ababekhona, ngokuchazwa, baba nesikhathi esithe xaxa sokulungiselela isifundo. I-athikili kaChega iqinisekisa lokhu. 7 Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela iveze ukuthi abafundi bazisekele ikhwalithi ephezulu yokuxhumana nomfundisi nokufunda nokuthi izifundo zokufundisa zangaphambi kokuzijwayeza zahambelana nezidingo zazo zokufunda. Njengoba kulindeleke, inhlanganisela yama-tutorials kanye nezakhi zezandla zanda ukuzibandakanya kwabafundi, kumnandi, kanye nokuxhumana.
Izikole zabafundi bamazinyo e-Aberdeen zintsha futhi zintsha. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinqubo eziningi zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha, kepha zaguqulwa futhi zathuthukiswa njengoba zazisetshenziselwa kangcono ukuhambisana nenhloso. Lokhu kunjalo ngamathuluzi okuphendula asemthethweni. Ifomu le-SCEF yasekuqaleni elicele impendulo kuyo yonke le nkambo, bese licwengile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukufaka imibuzo mayelana nempilo yamazinyo nezifo (igama lesambulela lesi sihloko), bese ekugcineni licelwe impendulo ngqo ku-ADM & B. Futhi, umbiko wokuqala wacela ukuphawula okujwayelekile, kepha njengoba umbiko uthuthuke, kwabuzwa imibuzo ekhethekile mayelana namandla, ubuthakathaka, kanye nanoma yiziphi izindlela zokufundisa ezintsha ezisetshenziswa esifundweni. Impendulo efanelekile ekuqalisweni kwendlela ye-Hybrid FC ifakwe kwezinye iziyalo. Lokhu kwahlanganiswa futhi kwafakwa emiphumeleni. Ngeshwa, ngezinhloso zalolu cwaningo, idatha yezinombolo ayiqoqwanga ekuqaleni njengoba lokhu bekungaholela ekulinganiseni okunengqondo kokuthuthuka noma ezinye izinguquko ezinomthelela phakathi kwezifundo.
Njengasemanyuvesi amaningi, izinkulumo e-University of Aberdeen azithathwa njengezimpoqo, ngisho nasezinhlelweni ezilawulwa yimizimba yangaphandle efana nomkhandlu wamazinyo ojwayelekile, onesibopho somthetho sokubhekela e-UK. Zonke ezinye izifundo ziyadingeka, ngakho ngokushintsha incazelo yenkambo kwinkomba yokufunda, abafundi bazophoqeleka ukuba bayithathe; Ukubakhona okwandayo kukhulisa ukubamba iqhaza, ukuzibandakanya nokufunda.
Kubikwe ezincwadini ezingaba nzima ngefomethi ye-FC. Ifomethi ye-FC ibandakanya abafundi abalungiselela ngaphambi kweklasi, imvamisa ngesikhathi sabo. UZhuang et al. Kutholakale ukuthi indlela ye-FC ayilungele bonke abafundi njengoba idinga izinga eliphakeme lokholo nesisusa sokuqedela ukulungiswa. 27 Umuntu angalindela ukuthi abafundi bezempilo bakhuthazwe kakhulu, kepha uPatanwala et al 28 uthole ukuthi lokhu bekungenjalo njengoba abafundi bezokwelapha abahola ikhemisi abakwazanga ukubuyekeza izincwadi ezirekhodiwe ngaphambi kwalokho. . Kodwa-ke, le nkambo yathola ukuthi iningi labafundi lalisandakanyeka, lilungiselelwe, futhi laya esifundweni sobuso nobuso ngokuqonda okuhle kwesifundo. Ababhali basikisela ukuthi lokhu kungumphumela wabafundi abaqondiswe ngokusobala ukuphathwa kwezifundo kanye ne-vle ukubuka ama-podcasts kanye nezinkulumo zama-slides, ngenkathi bebacebisa ukuba bakubheke lokhu njengemfuneko yezifundo ezidingekayo. Ama-tutorials kanye nemisebenzi yezandla futhi isebenzisana futhi ihlanganyele, futhi othisha babheke phambili ekubambeni iqhaza kwabafundi. Abafundi babona ngokushesha ukuthi ukuntuleka kwabo kokulungiselela kusobala. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungaba yinkinga uma zonke izifundo zifundiswa ngale ndlela, njengoba abafundi bangakhungatheka futhi ngeke babe nesikhathi esanele sokuvikelwa ukubukeza zonke izinto zenkulumo. Lokhu kulungiselela asynchronous kufanele kwakhiwe ohlelweni lomfundi.
Ukuthuthukisa kanye nokusebenzisa imiqondo ye-FC ekufundisweni kwezifundo zemfundo, izinselelo eziningana kufanele zinqotshwe. Ngokusobala, ukuqopha i-podcast kudinga isikhathi esiningi sokulungiselela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufunda isoftware kanye namakhono okuhlela athuthukisayo kuthatha isikhathi esiningi.
Amakilasi agqamile axazulula inkinga yokwandisa isikhathi sokuxhumana kothisha abacindezelwe isikhathi futhi banike amandla ukuhlola izindlela ezintsha zokufundisa. Ukusebenzisana kuba namandla ashukumisayo, okwenza imvelo yokufunda ibe yinhle kubo bobabili abasebenzi kanye nabafundi, futhi iguqule umbono ojwayelekile wokuthi izinto zamazinyo ziyindaba "yomile" isihloko esithi "owomile" isihloko. Abasebenzi e-University of Aberdeen Dental Institute basebenzise indlela ye-FC emacaleni ngamanye anamazinga ahlukahlukene empumelelo, kepha akwamukelwa ekufundiseni kwikharikhulamu.
Njengasezinye izindlela zokulethwa kwezikhathi, kuvela izinkinga uma umgqugquzeli oyinhloko engekho emihlanganweni yobuso nobuso futhi ngenxa yalokho akwazi ukufundisa izikhathi, njengoba abagqugquzeli badlala indima ebalulekile empumelelweni yendlela ye-FC. Ulwazi Lomxhumanisi Wezemfundo kufanele lube sezingeni eliphakeme ngokwanele ukuvumela ingxoxo ukuthi ingene kunoma iyiphi indlela nangokujula okwanele, futhi ukuze abafundi babone inani lokulungiselela nokuzibandakanya. Abafundi banesibopho sokufunda kwabo, kepha abeluleki kumele bakwazi ukuphendula nokuzivumelanisa nezimo.
Izinto zokufundisa ezihlelekile zilungiselelwe kusengaphambili, okusho ukuthi izifundo zilungele ukufundiswa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngesikhathi sokubhala, ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-Covil-19, le ndlela ivumela izifundo ukuthi zilethwe online futhi zenza kube lula ukuthi abasebenzi basebenze baphume ekhaya, njengoba uhlaka lokufundisa seluvele lukhona. Ngakho-ke, abafundi babenomuzwa wokuthi ukufundwa kwethiyori akuphazanyiswa njengoba izifundo ze-inthanethi zinikezwe njengenye indlela eyamukelekayo kumakilasi abhekene nobuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinto zokwakha ziyatholakala ukuze zisetshenziswe ama-cohorts esizayo. Izinto zokwakha zisazodinga ukuvuselelwa ngezikhathi ezithile, kepha isikhathi somfundisi sizosindiswa, okuholela ekugcinweni kwezindleko ngokuphelele ngokulinganisela ngokumelene nezindleko zokuqala zokutshala imali kwesikhathi.
Ukushintshwa kusuka ezifundweni zezinkulumo zendabuko kuya ekufundisweni kwe-FC kwaholela ekufundeni okuhle okuvela kubafundi, zombili nangokomthetho. Lokhu kuyahambisana neminye imiphumela eshicilelwe ngaphambilini. Kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze ubone ukuthi ukuhlolwa okufingqa kungathuthukiswa ngokwamukela indlela ye-FC.
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