Izisebenzi kufanele zibe namakhono asebenzayo emitholampilo enze amakhono okubonisana emtholampilo ukwenza izinqumo ezifanele zemitholampilo futhi zigweme ukwenza amaphutha. Amakhono okucabanga athuthukiswe kahle kwemitholampilo angahlehlisa ukuphepha kweziguli nokulibaziseka kokunakekelwa noma ukwelashwa, ikakhulukazi eminyangweni yokunakekelwa okuthe xaxa. Ukuqeqeshwa okususelwa ekulingiseni kusebenzisa izingxoxo zokufunda ezibonakalayo kulandela ukumbumbuluzwa njengendlela yokuguqula amakhono okuthuthukisa amakhono okubonisana emtholampilo ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuphepha kweziguli. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yohlobo olulodwa lokucabanga kwemitholampilo, ingozi engaba khona yokugcwala ngokweqile, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlukile kokuhlaziywa (i-hypothetifo-devitical (enembile) izinqubo zokubonisana (enembile) abahlanganyeli be-advanced and junior sekulingisa ababambe iqhaza, kubalulekile Cabanga ngolwazi, amakhono, izici ezihlobene nokugeleza kanye nevolumu yolwazi, kanye nobunzima becala ukwandisa ukucabanga kwemitholampilo ngokuzibandakanya ekulingiseni kweqembu okubonisa indlela yokuzilibazisa. Umgomo wethu ukuchaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemodeli yengxoxo yokufunda ebonakalayo ye-post-sekulingisa ebheka izinto eziningi ezithonya ukufezekiswa kokubonisana kwemitholampilo.
Iqembu elisebenza ngokubambisana (n = 18), eliqukethe odokotela, abahlengikazi, abacwaningi, abacwaningi, kanye nabameleli beziguli, basebenzisana ngokusebenzelana nemihlangano yokufunda okulandelanayo ukuze bathuthukise imodeli yokufunda ebonakalayo yokuzilibazisa ukuze athuthukise ukukhombisa ukumbumbuluzwa kokulingisa. Iqembu elisebenzayo le-CO-Design athuthukise imodeli ngenqubo yethiyori neyekhompiyutha kanye nokubuyekezwa kontanga okuhlukahlukene. Ukuhlanganiswa okuhambisanayo kocwaningo lokuhlola kanye nokwenziwa kwentela okuqhakaza kanye nokuqhakaza kukholakala ukuthi kwabe ngcono ukumbiwa kwabahlanganyeli bemitholampilo ngenkathi ubamba iqhaza emisebenzini yokulingisa. Inkomba yokuvunyelwa kokuqukethwe (CVI) kanye nezindlela zokuqinisekisa zokuqukethwe
Imodeli yokufunda yengxoxo yokufunda ye-post-sekulingisa yathuthukiswa yahlolwa. Imodeli isekelwa izibonelo ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nesiqondisi se-scription. Ubuso nokuqinisekiswa kokuqukethwe kwemodeli kwahlolwa futhi kwaqinisekiswa.
Imodeli entsha ye-COCDISCIDE yasungulwa icatshangelwa amakhono namakhono wabahlanganyeli abahlukahlukene abahlanganyeli, ukugeleza kanye nevolumu yolwazi, kanye nobunzima bamacala wokumodela. Lezi zinto kucatshangwa ukuthi zikhulisa ukucabanga kwemitholampilo lapho zibamba iqhaza emisebenzini yokulingisa yeqembu.
Ukucabanga kwemitholampilo kubhekwa njengesisekelo sokuzijwayeza kwezempilo ekunakekelweni kwezempilo [1, 2] kanye nento ebalulekile yekhono lomtholampilo [1, 3, 4]. Kuyinqubo ekhanyayo ukuthi abasebenza esebenzisa ukukhomba nokusebenzisa ukungenelela okufanele kakhulu kwesimo ngasinye somtholampilo abahlangana nabo [5, 6]. Ukucabanga kwemitholampilo kuchazwa njengenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuqonda esebenzisa amasu wokucabanga ahlelekile futhi angahlelekile wokuqoqa futhi ahlaziye imininingwane ngesiguli, ahlole ukubaluleka kwalolo lwazi, futhi anqume inani lezinyathelo ezingezona zezenzo [8, 8]. Kuya ngamandla okuqoqa imikhondo, inqubo inqubo, futhi uqonde inkinga yesiguli ukuze uthathe isenzo esifanele isiguli esifanele nangesizathu sokunene [9, 10].
Bonke abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo babhekene nesidingo sokwenza izinqumo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezimweni zokungaqiniseki okukhulu [11]. Ekunakekelweni okubucayi nokunakekelwa okuphuthumayo, izimo zemitholampilo kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo zivela lapho ukuphendula kanye nokungenelela ngokushesha kubalulekile ekusindiseni izimpilo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kweziguli [12]. Amakhono okubonisana kwemitholampilo ampofu kanye nekhono lokuzilolonga okubucayi kuhlotshaniswa namanani aphezulu amaphutha emtholampilo, ukubambezeleka ekunakekelweni noma ekwelashweni [13] kanye nezingozi zokuphepha kweziguli [14,15,16]. Ukugwema amaphutha asebenzayo, abasebenza kahle kumele babe nekhono futhi babe namakhono okubonisana kwemitholampilo abaphumelelayo ukwenza izinqumo eziphephile nezifanelekile [16, 18]. Inqubo yokubonisana (enembile) inqubo yokubonisana esheshayo eyenziwe ngenqubo esheshayo ethandwa ngabasebenzi abangochwepheshe. Ngokuphambene, ukuhlaziya (hypothetica-devict) kuhamba kancane, kuthatha kancane ngokwemvelo, ngamabomu, futhi kuvame ukusetshenziswa odokotela abanolwazi oluncane [2, 19, 20]. Njengoba kunikezwe ubulukhuni bendawo yokuthola usizo kwezempilo kanye nengozi engaba khona yokwenza amaphutha [14,15,16], i-Simulation-based Education (SBE) ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka amakhono okubonisana namakhono okucabanga. Indawo ephephile nokuchayeka kumacala ahlukahlukene ayinselele ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuphepha kweziguli [21, 22, 23, 24].
I-Society for Simulation in Health (SSH) ichaza ukumbumbuluzwa ngokuthi "ubuchwepheshe obudala isimo noma imvelo abantu abathola izethulo zezehlakalo zangempela zempilo ngenhloso yokuzijwayeza, ukuqeqeshwa, ukuhlolwa, ukuhlolwa, noma ukuthola ukuqonda kwezinhlelo zabantu noma isimilo. " [23] Izikhathi ezihlelwe kahle zokulingisa zihlinzeka ababambiqhaza ithuba lokuzicwilisa ezimweni ezilingisa izimo zemitholampilo ngenkathi benciphisa ubungozi bezokuphepha ngamathuba okuphepha [21,24,26,27,28] I-SBE ithuthukisa okuhlangenwe nakho kwemitholampilo yensimu, iveze abafundi ekuhlangenwe nakho kwemitholampilo okungenzeka ukuthi abanazo kumalungiselelo okunakekela okunakekela iziguli uqobo [24, 29]. Lesi yisimo esingasongeli, esingenacala, esingenacala, esiphephile, esisezingeni eliphansi sokufunda. Ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kolwazi, amakhono emitholampilo, amakhono, ukucabanga okubucayi kanye nokucabanga okubucayi [22,29,30,30 [22,29,30,31] Futhi kungasiza ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukunqoba ukucindezelwa okungokomzwelo [22, 27, 28] . , 30, 32].
Ukusekela ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kokubonisana kwemitholampilo kanye namakhono okuthatha izinqumo nge-SBE, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe kulolo mbono, ithempulethi kanye nokwakheka kwenqubo yokuqunjelwa kwe-post-sekulingisa [24, 33, 34, 35]. Izingxoxo zokufunda ezibonakalayo zangemva kokulingisa (RLC) zisetshenziswe njengendlela yokuguqula ama-debriefing ukusiza ababambiqhaza bakhombise, bachaze izenzo, futhi basebenzise amandla okusekelwa kontanga kanye neqembu leqembu leqembu leqembu leqembu leqembu [32, 33, 36]. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-RLCS weqembu kuthwala ingozi engaba khona yokucabanga kwemitholampilo ethuthukisiwe, ikakhulukazi maqondana namakhono ahlukahlukene kanye namazinga wobude bababambiqhaza. Imodeli yenqubo embaxambili ichaza isimo semvelo sokubonisana nemitholampilo kanye nokwehlukahlukana kokusebenza kwabasebenzi abaphezulu ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokubonisana (hypothetico-deductive) ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokubonisana (34, 37]. ]. Lezi zinqubo zokubonisana ezimbaxambili zibandakanya inselelo yokuvumelanisa izinqubo zokucabanga ezifanele ezimweni ezihlukile, futhi ayicaci futhi ayinakuphikwa ukuthi zizosebenzisa ngempumelelo izindlela zokuhlaziya nezingahlaziyi lapho kunabahlanganyeli abasebazayo beqembu elifanayo nelilincane eqenjini elifanayo lemodeli. Abafundi besikole esiphakeme kanye namakhono aphezulu aseJugior ahlukahlukene amazinga ahlukahlukene kanye namazinga okuhlangenwe nakho abamba iqhaza ezimweni zokulingisa zobunzima obuhlukahlukene [34, 37]. Uhlobo oluhlukahlukene lwezizathu zemitholampilo luhlotshaniswa nengozi engaba khona yokubonisana kwemitholampilo ekhuphuke kanye nokulayisha ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi lapho ochwepheshe bebamba iqhaza eqenjini amacala anobunzima obuhlukahlukene namazinga oMkhulu [38]. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi yize kukhona inani lamamodeli anhlobonhlobo asebenzisa i-RLC, akukho kulezi zinhlobo ezenzelwe ukugxila kwamakhono okubonisana, kucatshangelwa ulwazi, futhi Izici zokuxaka izincomo [38]. ]. , 39]. Konke lokhu kudinga ukuthuthukiswa kwemodeli ehlelekile ebheka iminikelo ehlukahlukene kanye nokuthonya izinto zokwenza ngcono ukucabanga kwemitholampilo, ngenkathi kufakwa i-RLC ye-Post-Simulation njengendlela yokubika. Sichaza inqubo eqhutshwa yi-theory kanye nangokucophelela komklamo wokubambisana kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-RLC yangemva kokulingisa. Imodeli yathuthukiswa yokwandisa amakhono okubonisana emtholampilo ngesikhathi sokubamba iqhaza kwi-SBE, kucatshangelwa izinhlobonhlobo zokusizakala kanye nokuthonya izici ukufeza ukuthuthukiswa kwemithi yezempilo.
Imodeli ye-RLC Post-Simulation yathuthukiswa ngokubambisana ngokusekelwe kumamodeli akhona kanye nemibono yokubonisana emtholampilo, ukufunda okubonakalayo, imfundo kanye nokulingisa. Ukuhlakulela imodeli ngokuhlanganyela, iqembu elisebenzayo elisebenzayo (n = 18) lakhiwa, eliqukethe abahlengikazi abasebenza kakhulu abangu-10, umuntu ohlukanisayo, kanye nabamele abathathu beziguli ezibhedlela ngaphambili zamazinga ahlukahlukene, isipiliyoni, kanye nobulili. Omunye onakekelayo ukunakekelwa, abasizi bocwaningo abangu-2 kanye nothisha aba-2 abaphezulu babahlengikazi. Le miklamo ye-CO-Design yakhelwe futhi yathuthukiswa ngokusebenzisana kontanga phakathi kwababambiqhaza abanesipiliyoni sangempela emhlabeni, kungaba ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ababambe iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni imodeli ehlongozwayo noma abanye abathintekayo njengeziguli [4011,42]. Kubandakanya abamele iziguli kwinqubo yokubambisana bangaqhubekela phambili inani lenqubo, njengoba umgomo wokugcina wohlelo ukuthuthukisa ukunakekelwa kweziguli nokuphepha [43].
Iqembu elisebenzayo lenze ama-workshops amahora ayisithupha kuya kwayisithupha ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka, izinqubo kanye nokuqukethwe kwemodeli. Umhlangano wokusebenzela ubandakanya izingxoxo, ukuzijwayeza kanye nokulingisa. Izici zemodeli zisuselwa kuhlu lwezinsizakusebenza ezisekelwe ebufakazini, amamodeli, imibono kanye nezinhlaka. Lokhu kufaka phakathi: Umbono wokufunda we-Cructivist afundwa [44], Umqondo omabili we-loop [37], izizathu zemitholampilo iLoop [10], indlela enokwazisa uphethiloli (AI), kanye nendlela yokubika kanye ne-46] [46] [46] [46] [46] [46] [46] [46] [46] [46] [46] [46] [46]. Le modeli yathuthukiswa ngokubambisana ngokususelwa kumazinga wenqubo ye-International Nurseefing Associng Association yezemfundo yezemfundo [36] futhi yahlanganiswa nezibonelo ezisetshenzisiwe zokwakha imodeli yokuzichaza. Imodeli yathuthukiswa ngezigaba ezine: Ukulungiselela inkhulumomphendvulwano yokufunda ngemuva kokulingisa, ukuqalwa kwengxoxo yokufunda ebonakalayo, ukuhlaziywa / ukubonisisa kanye nokuqothuka (Umdwebo 1). Imininingwane yesigaba ngasinye kuxoxwa ngezansi.
Isigaba sokulungiselela semodeli senzelwe ngokulungiselela ababambiqhaza abalandelayo esiteji esilandelayo futhi bandise ukubamba iqhaza kwabo nokutshala imali okusebenzayo ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuphepha kwengqondo [36, 47]. Lesi sigaba sifaka isethulo senhloso nezinhloso; isikhathi esilindelekile se-RLC; okulindelwe ngumgqugquzeli kanye nabahlanganyeli ngesikhathi se-RLC; ukuqondiswa kwesiza nokusetha kokulingisa; Ukuqinisekisa ubumfihlo endaweni yokufunda, nokwanda kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuphepha kwengqondo. Izimpendulo zommeleli ezilandelayo ezivela eqenjini elisebenza ngokubambisana leqembu lalibhekwa ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwangaphambi kokuthuthukiswa kwemodeli ye-RLC. Umhlanganyeli 7: "Njengomsebenzi wokunakekelwa kwabahlengikazi, ukube bengihlanganyela ekulingiseni ngaphandle komongo wesimo kanye nabantu abadala asebekhulile besikhona, ngingahle ngigweme ukubamba iqhaza engxoxweni yami yezengqondo kuhlonishwa. nokuthi ngizogwema ukubamba iqhaza ezingxoxweni ngemuva kokulingisa. "Vikela futhi ngeke kube nemiphumela." Umhlanganyeli 4: "Ngikholwa ukuthi ukugxila nokusungula imithetho yasekuqaleni kuzosiza abafundi ngemuva kokulingisa. Ukubamba iqhaza okusebenzayo ezingxoxweni zokufunda ezibonakalayo. "
Izigaba zokuqala zemodeli ye-RLC zibandakanya ukuhlola imizwa yomhlanganyeli, echaza izinqubo eziyisisekelo nokuhlonza isimo, bese kufakwa ohlwini okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle nokubi, kepha hhayi ukuhlaziya. Imodeli kulesi sigaba idalwe ukuze kugqugquzele abaqokiwe ukuthi babe ngokwakho uqobo futhi bathambekele ekuhlaziyeni, kanye nokulungiselela ngokomqondo kokuhlaziywa okujulile nasekubonisweni okujulile [24, 36]. Umgomo ukunciphisa ingozi engaba khona yokulayisha ngokweqile [48], ikakhulukazi kulabo abasha ngesihloko semodeli futhi abanawo umuzwa owedlule wemitholampilo ngekhono / isihloko [49]. Ukubuza ababambiqhaza ukuthi bachaze kafushane leli cala elenziwe futhi benze izincomo zokuxilonga zizosiza umgqugquzeli ukuthi aqinisekise ukuthi abafundi eqenjini banokuqonda okuyisisekelo nokujwayelekile kwecala ngaphambi kokuhlaziya / isigaba sokuboniswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumema ababambiqhaza kulesi sigaba ukwabelana ngemizwa yabo ezimweni ezenziwe ngezimo kuzobasiza banqobe ukucindezelwa okungokomzwelo, ngaleyo ndlela bathuthukise ukufunda [24, 36]. Ukubhekana nezinkinga ezingokomzwelo kuzosiza nomgqugquzeli we-RLC ukuthi aqonde ukuthi imizwa yababambiqhaza ikuthinta kanjani ukusebenza komuntu ngamunye nokweqembu, futhi lokhu kungaxoxwa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhombisa / ukuhlaziya / isigaba. Indlela ye-PLUS / DELTA yakhelwe kulesi sigaba semodeli njengesinyathelo sokulungiselela nesinqumayo sesigaba / sokuhlaziya isigaba [46]. Usebenzisa indlela yokusebenzisa i-Plus / Delta, bobabili abahlanganyeli futhi abafundi bangacubungula / babhale ukubonwa kwabo, imizwa kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kokulingisa, okungaxoxwa ngakho ngephuzu ngesikhathi semodeli [46]. Lokhu kuzosiza ababambiqhaza bafeze isimo se-metacognitive ngamathuba okufunda abhekiswe kuwo futhi abekwe phambili ekufundeni okwenziwe ngcono ukukhulisa ukucabanga kwemitholampilo [24, 48, 49]. Izimpendulo zommeleli ezilandelayo ezivela eqenjini labasebenzi bomuntu osebenza ngokubambisana zazibhekwa ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwemodeli ye-RLC. Umhlanganyeli 2: "Ngicabanga ukuthi njengesiguli esamukelwe ngaphambili ku-ICU, kudingeka sicabangele imizwa nemizwa yabafundi abalingiswayo. Ngiphakamisa lolu daba ngoba ngesikhathi sokuvuma kwami ngabona amazinga aphezulu okucindezela nokukhathazeka, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabasebenza ngokucophelela. nezimo eziphuthumayo. Le modeli kumele icabangele ukucindezelwa kanye nemizwelo ehambisana nokulingisa okuhlangenwe nakho. " Umhlanganyeli 16: "Kimi njengomfundisi, ngithola kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa indlela yokusebenzisa / ye-Delta ukuze abafundi bakhuthazwe ukuba babambe iqhaza ekuzimiseleni izinto ezinhle nezidingo abahlangabezana nazo ngesikhathi sesimo sokulingisa. Izindawo zokwenza ngcono. "
Yize izigaba ezedlule zemodeli zibalulekile, ukuhlaziywa / isigaba sokubonisa kubaluleke kakhulu ekufezekisweni kokucabanga kwemitholampilo. Yakhelwe ukuhlinzeka ukuhlaziya okuthuthukile / ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokuhlaziywa okujulile ngokususelwa kokuhlangenwe nakho emtholampilo, amakhono kanye nomthelela wezihloko ezifaniswe; Inqubo ye-RLC nesakhiwo; Inani lolwazi olunikezwe ukugwema ukulayisha ngokweqile kwengqondo; ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwemibuzo ekhombisa ngempumelelo. Izindlela zokufeza ukufunda kwabafundi kanye nokufunda okusebenzayo. Kuleli phuzu, isipiliyoni somtholampilo kanye nokujwayelani ngezihloko ze-simulation zihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu ukwamukela amazinga ahlukene wesipiliyoni nekhono: Okokuqala akukho okuvezwa kwangaphambilini kwezihloko ze-sekulingisa, okwesibili: isipiliyoni sochwepheshe sokwelashwa, ulwazi namakhono / akekho. ukuvezwa kwangaphambilini kwezihloko ezimodelayo. Okwesithathu: isipiliyoni sochwepheshe sochwepheshe, ulwazi namakhono. Ukuvezwa kochwepheshe / kwangaphambilini kwezihloko zokumodela. Ukuhlukaniswa kwenziwa ukuzokwamukela izidingo zabantu ezinokuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukile namazinga aphakathi eqenjini elifanayo, ngaleyo ndlela kulinganise ukuthambekela kwabasebenza ngokuhlangenwe nakho okukhona ukusebenzisa amakhono okuhlaziya okuhlangenwe nakho [19, 20, 34]. , 37]. Inqubo ye-RLC yahlelwa ngokuzungeza umjikelezo wemitholampilo [10], i-Modeling Modeling Framework [47] I-Fulley Wokufunda [50]. Lokhu kutholakala ngezinqubo eziningi: Ukuhumusha, umehluko, ukuxhumana, ukutholwa kanye nokuhlanganiswa.
Ukugwema ukulayisha ngokweqile kwengqondo, ukukhuthaza inqubo egxile kumfundi futhi ekhombisa ukukhuluma nesikhathi esanele namathuba okubambiqhaza okubonisa, ukuhlaziya, ukuhlaziya, nokuvumelanisa ukufeza ukuzethemba kwabhekwa. Izinqubo zokuqonda ngesikhathi se-RLC zibhekiswe ngokuhlanganiswa, ukuqinisekiswa, ukubumba, kanye nezinqubo zokuhlanganisa ngokususelwa kuhlaka lwe-loop lwe-loop [37] kanye ne-connitive yomthwalo [48]. Ukuba nenqubo ehlelekile yengxoxo kanye nokuvumela isikhathi esanele sokuboniswa, kucatshangelwa ababambiqhaza abanolwazi futhi ongenalwazi, kuzonciphisa ubungozi obukhona bomthwalo wokuqonda, ikakhulukazi ekulingiseni okuhlukahlukene okuhlukahlukene, ukudalulwa kanye namazinga wekhono abahlanganyeli. Ngemuva kwesigameko. I-Model's Revenue Technical Technical isuselwa kumodeli ka-Bloom's Tateronomic Model [51] kanye neLokwazisa imibuzo (AI) [45], lapho umgqugquzeli omodelwe esondela kule ndaba ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo. Buza imibuzo, eqala ngemibuzo esekelwe ngolwazi. kanye nokubhekana namakhono nezinkinga ezihlobene nokubonisana. Le ndlela yokubuza imibuzo izothuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemitholampilo ngokukhuthaza ukubamba iqhaza okubanjwe ngokuzibandakanya nokucabanga okuthuthukayo ngengozi encane yokugcwala ngokweqile. Izimpendulo zommeleli ezilandelayo ezivela eqenjini elisebenza ngokubambisana leqembu lalibhekwa ngesikhathi sokuhlaziywa / sokuboniswa kwesigaba se-RLC Model Development. Umhlanganyeli 13: "Ukugwema ukulayisha ngokweqile kwengqondo, kudingeka sicabangele inani nokugeleza kolwazi lapho sisebenza ezingxoxweni zokufunda ze-Post-Simulation, futhi senze lokhu, ngicabanga ukuthi kubalulekile ukunikeza abafundi isikhathi esanele sokubonisa nokuqala ngezisekelo . Ulwazi. Iqala izingxoxo namakhono, khona-ke isuka emazingeni aphezulu olwazi namakhono ukuze kufinyelelwe ku-metacotion. " Umhlanganyeli 9: "Ngikholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi izindlela zokubuza izindlela ezisebenzisa amasu okubonga (AI) nokubuza imibuzo okubonisa ukuqhakaza kukhuthaza ukufundwa kwentela okusebenzayo kuzothuthukisa ukufundwa okusebenzayo nokunciphisa ubungozi bokulayishwa ngokweqile kwengqondo." Isigaba se-Debriefing of the Model sihlose ukufingqa amaphuzu okufunda aphakanyiswe ngesikhathi se-RLC futhi aqinisekise ukuthi izinhloso zokufunda ziyafezeka. Umhlanganyeli 8: "Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi bobabili umfundi nomgqugquzeli abavumelana nemibono ebaluleke kakhulu nezici ezibalulekile okufanele bazicabangele lapho bengena."
Ukuvunyelwa kokuziphatha kwatholakala ngaphansi kwezinombolo ze-protocol (MRC-01-22-117) ne (HSK / PGR / 04728). Imodeli yahlolwa kwizifundo ezintathu zokunakekelwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo zokulingisa zokulinganisa ukuhlola ukusebenziseka nokusebenza kwemodeli. Ukuba semthethweni kobuso bemodeli kuhlolwe yiqembu elisebenzayo leqembu elisebenzayo (n = 18) kanye nochwepheshe bezemfundo abasebenza njengabaqondisi bezifundo (n = 6) ukulungisa izingqinamba ezihlobene nokubukeka, uhlelo lolimi, kanye nenqubo. Ngemuva kokubhekana nokusebenza kobuqiniso, ukuqinisekiswa kokuqukethwe kunqunywe othisha abaphezulu be-Nurs (n = 6) abaqinisekiswe yi-American Nurses Credential Center (ANCC) futhi (n = 6) ababeneminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 yemfundo kanye isipiliyoni sokufundisa. Isipiliyoni somsebenzi ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngabaqondisi bezemfundo (n = 6). Isipiliyoni sokulinganisa. Ukuqinisekiswa kokuqukethwe kunqunywe kusetshenziswa isilinganiso sokuvunyelwa kokuqukethwe (CVR) kanye ne-Recity Recidentity Index (CVI). Indlela yoLawshe [52] yayisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa i-CVI, nendlela yeWaltz naseBausell [53] yayisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa i-CVR. Amaphrojekthi we-CVR ayadingeka, awusizo, kepha akudingekile noma ongakukhetha. I-CVI ithola amaphuzu esikalini samaphoyinti amane asuselwa ekufezeni, okulula, nokucaca, okungu-1 = akuhambelani, 2 = Okufanelekile, 3 = efanelekile. Ngemuva kokuqinisekisa ubuso nokuvunyelwa kokuqukethwe, ngaphezu kwemihlangano yokusebenzela engokoqobo, amaseshini wokuqondisa kanye namasu kwaqhutshwa kothisha abazosebenzisa imodeli.
Iqembu lomsebenzi lakwazi ukuthuthukisa futhi livivinye imodeli ye-RLC ye-Post-Simulation ukwenza kahle amakhono okubonisana emtholampilo ngesikhathi sokubamba iqhaza kwi-SBE kumayunithi wokunakekelwa okuthe xaxa (amanani 1, 2, no-3). I-CVR = 1.00, CVI = 1.00, ibonakalisa ubuso obufanele nokuvunyelwa kokuqukethwe [52, 53].
Imodeli yenzelwe i-GROUP SBE, lapho kusetshenziselwa izimo ezijabulisayo neziyinselele zabahlanganyeli ngamazinga afanayo noma ahlukile wesipiliyoni, ulwazi nokuphakama. Imodeli ye-RLC Conceptual yathuthukiswa ngokuya ngamazinga okuhlaziya ukumbumbuluzwa kwendiza ayilungile [36] futhi igxile kumfundi futhi iyazichaza, kufaka phakathi izibonelo ezisetshenzisiwe (izibalo 1, 2 no-3). Imodeli yathuthukiswa ngenhloso futhi yahlukaniswa yaba yizigaba ezine ukuhlangabezana namazinga emodeli: Ukuqala ngesithangami, kulandelwe ukuhlaziya okubonisana / ukufingqa. Ukugwema ingozi engaba khona yokugcwala ngokweqile, isigaba ngasinye semodeli yakhelwe ngenhloso njengemfuneko yesigaba esilandelayo [34].
Ithonya lokwethulwa kanye nezici zeqembu lokuzibandakanya eRLC akufundwanga ngaphambili [38]. Kucatshangelwa imiqondo engokoqobo ye-Double Loop kanye ne-Qonditive ngokweqile imfundiso yokulingisa [34, 37] ukuwenza [34, 37]. Kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi ukubamba iqhaza eqenjini leqembu kanye namakhono ababambiqhaza eqenjini elifanayo leqembu liyinselele. Ukunganakwa kwevolumu yolwazi, ukugeleza kanye nokwakheka kokufunda, kanye nokusetshenziswa okusheshayo kwezinqubo zokuqonda ezisheshayo nezithambile ngabo bobabili abafundi bezikole eziphakeme kanye nabaseSunior High School babeka engcupheni yokuqothuka kwengqondo [18, 38, 46]. Lezi zinto zanakwa lapho zithuthukisa imodeli ye-RLC ukugwema ukuthuthukiswa kanye / noma ukucabanga kwemitholampilo okuvuthayo [18, 38]. Kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi ukuqhuba i-RLC ngamazinga ahlukene wobukhulu kanye nekhono kubangela umphumela wobukhosi phakathi kwabahlanganyeli abaphezulu. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba ababambiqhaza abathuthukile bavame ukugwema ukufunda imiqondo eyisisekelo, okubaluleke kakhulu kubahlanganyeli abancane ukuze bafinyelele ekucabangeni nasekungeneni kokucabanga okuphezulu nezinqubo zokubonisana [38, 47]. Imodeli ye-RLC yenzelwe ukubandakanya abahlengikazi abaphezulu nabasebancane ngokusebenzisa uphenyo olunokwazisa kanye nendlela ye-DELTA [45, 46, 46, 51]. Usebenzisa lezi zindlela, imibono yabahlanganyeli abaphezulu nabancane ngamakhono ahlukahlukene kanye namazinga okuhlangenwe nakho kuzokwethulwa into ngento futhi kuxoxwe ngokuthe xaxa ngumengameli we-debriefing kanye nomengameli wabalingani [45, 51]. Ngaphezu kokufakwa kwabahlanganyeli be-Simulation, umgqugquzeli wokudangala wengeza ukufakwa kwabo ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi wonke umbono ohlanganyelwe amboze umzuzu ngamunye wokufunda, okwenza uthuthukise i-metacotion ukuze uthuthukise ukucabanga kwemitholampilo [10].
Ukugeleza kolwazi nokufunda kwesakhiwo sokufunda usebenzisa imodeli ye-RLC kubhekiswe kwinqubo ehlelekile ne-multi-step. Lokhu ukusiza abagqugquzeli abadakayo futhi baqinisekise ukuthi umhlanganyeli ngamunye ukhuluma ngokucacile nangokuzethemba esigabeni ngasinye ngaphambi kokudlulela esigabeni esilandelayo. Umengameli uzokwazi ukuqala izingxoxo ezibonakalayo lapho bonke ababambiqhaza bebamba iqhaza khona, futhi bafinyelele iphuzu lokubambiqhaza okuhlukahlukene namazinga ekhono avumelana ngemikhuba emihle yengxoxo ngaphambi kokubuyela kokulandelayo [38]. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela kuzosiza ababambiqhaza abanolwazi futhi abanekhono babelane ngeminikelo / ukubonwa kwabo, ngenkathi iminikelo / ababambiqhaza abanolwazi oluncane futhi abanekhono bayohlolwa futhi baxoxwe ngokuthi [38]. Kodwa-ke, ukufeza le nhloso, abagqugquzeli kuzodingeka babhekane nenselelo yokulinganisa izingxoxo futhi banikeze amathuba alinganayo wabahlanganyeli abaphezulu nabancane. Kuze kube manje, imodeli ye-Model Surveology yathuthukiswa ngenhloso kusetshenziswa imodeli yetekisi kaBloom, ehlanganisa inhlolovo yokuhlola nendlela yokwengeza / 45, 46, 46, 46, 51]. Usebenzisa la masu futhi uqale ngolwazi nasekuqondeni imibuzo egxile kakhulu / izingxoxo ezibonakalayo kuzokhuthaza ababambiqhaza abanolwazi oluncane ukuze babambe iqhaza futhi babambe iqhaza ekuhlolweni kwezingxoxweni eziphakeme zokuhlola nokuxoxisana Lapho womabili amaqembu kufanele anikeze abadala kanye nabahlanganyeli abancane banethuba elilinganayo lokubamba iqhaza ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kwangaphambilini kanye nesipiliyoni ngamakhono okuthola imitholampilo noma izimo ezenziwe. Le ndlela izosiza ababambiqhaza abanolwazi oluncane ngenkuthalo futhi bahlomule kokuhlangenwe nakho okwabiwe ngabahlanganyeli abanolwazi oluningi kanye nokufakwa komgqugquzeli we-debriefing. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imodeli yakhelwe hhayi kuphela ama-Sbes anamakhono ahlukene abahlanganyeli namazinga okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlangenwe nakho, kepha futhi abahlanganyeli beqembu le-SBE iqembu elinokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo namazinga ekhono. Imodeli yenzelwe ukwenza lula ukunyakaza okubushelelezi nokuhlelekile kweqembu kusuka ekugxiliseni olwazini nasekuqondeni okugxilwe ekuhlolweni nasekuhloleni ukufeza izinhloso zokufunda. Ukwakheka okuyisibonelo nezinqubo zenzelwe ukuhambisana namaqembu wokumodela wamakhono ahlukile futhi alinganayo namazinga okuhlangenwe nakho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, yize sbe ekunakekelweni kwezempilo ngokuhlanganiswa ne-RLC isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukucabanga kwemitholampilo kanye nekhono kubasebenzi [2230 Lapho ababambiqhaza ababandakanya izimo ze-SBE Scenarios eyenziwe ngeziguli ezinzima kakhulu, ezigula kakhulu ezidinga ukungenelela ngokushesha nokuthatha izinqumo ezibucayi [2,18,37,38 47,48]. Kuze kube manje, kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthambekela kwabombili ababambiqhaza abanolwazi olunolwazi oluhlangenwe nakho ukuze bashintshe kanyekanye phakathi kokuhlaziywa kwezinhlelo zokuhlaziya kanye nokuhlaziya lapho bebamba iqhaza e-SBE, futhi basungule indlela esekwe ebuhlotsheni evumela abadala nabancane abafundi ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo kwinqubo yokufunda. Ngakho-ke, imodeli yenzelwe ngendlela yokuthi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ubulukhuni becala elethulwe, umgqugquzeli kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi abahlanganyeli bolwazi kanye nangemuva bathuthukiswa okokuqala bese bethuthukiswa kancane kancane lula ukuhlaziya. Synthesis nokuqonda. isici sokuhlola. Lokhu kuzosiza abafundi abasebasha ukwakha nokuhlanganisa lokho abakufundile, futhi basize abafundi abadala bahlanganise futhi bathuthukise ulwazi olusha. Lokhu kuzofeza izidingo zenqubo yokubonisana, kucatshangelwa isipiliyoni sangaphambilini kanye namakhono obambe iqhaza ngamunye, futhi kube nefomethi ejwayelekile ebhekana nokuthambekela kwezindlela zokubonisana eziphakeme kanye ne-nonanalytic, ngaleyo ndlela Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezizathu zemitholampilo.
Ngokwengeziwe, abagqugquzeli be-Simulation / debreafier bangaba nobunzima bokuqamba amakhono okulingisa. Ukusetshenziswa kwemibhalo eguqukayo ye-Debrivetitive Debriefing kukholakala ukuthi kuthuthukisa ukuthuthukisa ukutholakala kolwazi kanye namakhono okuziphatha abagqugquzeli uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abangasebenzisi imibhalo [54]. Izimo ziyithuluzi eliqondayo elingasiza ukusebenza kothisha Modeling kanye nokwenza ngcono amakhono okuguqula isimo, ikakhulukazi othisha abasahlanganisa isipiliyoni sabo sokuqopha [55]. zuza ukusetshenziswa okukhulu futhi kuthuthukise amamodeli asebenziseka kalula. (Umdwebo 2 no-3).
Ukuhlanganiswa okuhambisanayo kwe-Plus / Delta, inhlolovo yokwazisa, kanye nezindlela zokuhlola zetekisi eziqhakaza akukakabhekiswa ekuhlaziyeni kokulingisa okukhona njengamanje kanye namamodeli wokuzindla aqondisiwe. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zindlela kuqokomisa okusha kwemodeli ye-RLC, lapho lezi zindlela zihlanganiswa ngefomethi eyodwa ukufeza ukusebenza kwezizathu zemitholampilo kanye nomfundi wokugxila. Othisha bezokwelapha bangazuza ngokumodela kweqembu Sbe besebenzisa imodeli ye-RLC ukuthuthukisa nokwandisa amakhono okubonisana abahlanganyeli bemitholampilo. Izimo zemodeli zingasiza othisha bayihlelise inqubo yokubonisa ukubonwa futhi baqinise amakhono abo ukuze babe abagqugquzeli abanethemba futhi abanekhono.
I-SBE ingafaka amasu amaningi ahlukene namasu ahlukene, kufaka phakathi kepha kungagcini kwi-mannequin-based sbe, ama-simulators athululayo, ama-simulators eziguli, iziguli ezijwayelekile, iziguli ezibonakalayo kanye namaqiniso augmented. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ukubika kungenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokumodela, imodeli ye-RLC eyenziwe kabusha ingasetshenziswa njengemodeli yokubika lapho usebenzisa lezi zindlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yize imodeli yenzelwe isiyalo sabahlengikazi, inamandla okusetshenziswa ku-STE Healthcare Healthcare, egqamisa isidingo sezinhlelo zokucwaninga zesikhathi esizayo ukuvivinya imodeli ye-RLC yezemfundo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemodeli ye-RLC ye-Post-Simulation ye-Nursing Care in SVE Intensiven Care Units. Ukuhlolwa / ukuqinisekiswa kwekusasa kwemodeli kunconyelwa ukukhulisa ukujwayelekile kwemodeli ukuze kusetshenziswe kwezinye izigwegwe zezempilo kanye ne-sbe.
Imodeli yathuthukiswa yiqembu elisebenzayo elihlanganisiwe elisuselwa emcabangweni kanye nomqondo. Ukuze uthuthukise ubuqiniso kanye nokujwayelekile kwemodeli, ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuthembela ezithuthukisiwe zezifundo zokuqhathanisa kungabhekwa ngokuzayo.
Ukunciphisa amaphutha okuzilolonga, abenzi bezinto abasebenza kahle kufanele babe namakhono okubonisana emtholampilo abaphumelelayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthatha izinqumo eziphephile nezifanelekile zemitholampilo. Usebenzisa i-SBE RLC njengoba inqubo yokuguqula isimo ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kolwazi namakhono asebenzayo adingekayo ukuthuthukisa ukucabanga kwemitholampilo. Kodwa-ke, isimo semvelo esiningi sokucabanga kwemitholampilo, okuhlobene nesipiliyoni sangaphambilini nokuvezwa, ukuguquguquka kwekhono, ivolumu kanye nokuhamba kwemininingwane, kanye nobunzima bokulinganisa ukuthuthukisa amamodeli we-RL-Simulation alingise futhi kusetshenziswe ngempumelelo. amakhono. Ukungazinaki lezi zinto kungahle kube nomphumela wokubonisana nemitholampilo engaphansi komhlaba. Imodeli ye-RLC yathuthukiswa ukubhekana nalezi zinto ukwenza kahle izizathu zemitholampilo lapho zibamba iqhaza emisebenzini yokulingisa yeqembu. Ukufeza le nhloso, imodeli ngasikhathi sinye ihlanganisa ukubukwa kokuhlola / kokususa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwentela ye-bloom.
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Isikhathi sePosi: Jan-08-2024