Incazelo emfushane:
Le modeli ifanele ukusetshenziswa njengensiza yokufundisa enembile lapho kufundiswa izifundo zokuhlanzeka komzimba ezikoleni zamabanga aphakathi ezivamile, okuvumela abafundi ukuthi baqonde ukusatshalaliswa kwama-bronchioles emaphashini kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwawo abe ama-bronchioles abulalayo, kanye nobudlelwano bawo ne-alveoli.
# Imodeli Yokwakheka Kwe-Alveolar – “Ifasitela Le-Microscopic” Lokufundisa Uhlelo Lokuphefumula
Ufuna ukuxazulula ngqo izimfihlakalo ze-alveoli kanye ne-physiology yokuphefumula? Le "Alveolar Anatomy Model" yakha ibhuloho elinembile lokufundisa kwezokwelapha kanye nokwazisa isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, ikuyisa endaweni eyinhloko yokushintshana kwegesi!
1. Ukubuyiselwa Okunembile, "Ukubona Ngeso Lengqondo" Izakhiwo Zomzimba
Imodeli iveza isakhiwo esihambisanayo se-alveoli kanye ne-bronchioles ngesilinganiso se-** esiphezulu sokulingisa ** ngokuphelele:
- ** Uhlelo Lomoya ** : Bonisa ngokucacile amagatsha asezingeni eliphezulu e-terminal bronchioles → ama-respiratory bronchioles → ama-alveolar ducts → ama-alveolar sacs, buyisela "inethiwekhi efana nesihlahla" yomoya, futhi ikusize uqonde indlela yokulethwa kwegesi;
- ** Iyunithi ye-Alveolar ** : Ikhulisa futhi iveze isimo se-alveoli, kanye nezakhiwo ezincane njengenethiwekhi ye-capillary kanye nemicu enwebekayo ngaphakathi kwe-alveolar septum, inikeze incazelo enembile "yesisekelo sesakhiwo sokushintshana kwegesi" - ukuthi umoya-mpilo udlula kanjani ezindongeni ze-alveolar kanye nasezindongeni ze-capillary ungene egazini, nokuthi i-carbon dioxide ikhishwa kanjani ngakolunye uhlangothi;
- ** Ukusatshalaliswa Kwemithambo Yegazi ** : Phawula ukuxhumana phakathi komthambo wamaphaphu, amagatsha omthambo wamaphaphu kanye nama-capillary, okubonisa ngokusobala ukusebenza okuqondile "kokujikeleza kwamaphaphu" ku-alveoli, kanye nokuhlukanisa umqondo wokubambisana kwezinhlelo zokuphefumula nezokujikeleza kwegazi.
Okwesibili, ukusetshenziswa kwezimo eziningi ukwenza ulwazi “lufinyeleleke kalula”
(1) Imfundo Yezokwelapha: Ukuguquka Kusukela Emibonweni Kuya Ekusebenzeni
- ** Ukufundisa Ekilasini **: Othisha bangahlanganisa amamodeli ukuchaza ulwazi olufana "nendima ye-alveolar surfactant" kanye "Nezinguquko esakhiweni se-alveolar ngesikhathi se-emphysema", bathathe indawo yezincazelo ezingaqondakali ngemiboniso "engokomzimba" ukuze benze kube lula ukuqonda ulwazi lwe-physiology yokuphefumula kanye ne-pathology.
- ** Ukusebenza Okusebenzayo Kwabafundi **: Abafundi bezokwelapha bangaqinisa inkumbulo yabo ngamaphuzu abalulekile njenge-"qi-blood barrier" kanye ne-"alveolar ventilation-blood flow ratio" ngokuqaphela isakhiwo semodeli, bebeka isisekelo sokutadisha i-"Physiology", "Pathology", kanye ne-"Internal Medicine".
(2) Ukwenziwa Kwabantu Bathandeke Kwesayensi Yezinto Eziphilayo: Ukwenza Ulwazi Lokuphefumula “Lube Lukhanya”
- ** Ukwanda Kwesayensi Yekhampasi **: Emakilasini ebhayoloji esikoleni samabanga aphakathi, kusetshenziswa amamodeli ukukhombisa imibuzo efana nokuthi “Kungani ukuphefumula kuba ngokushesha ngemva kokugijima?” (isidingo somoya ophuma e-alveolar siyakhula) kanye nokuthi “Ukubhema kulimaza kanjani i-alveoli?” (kubhubhisa imicu enwebekayo ye-alveoli), okwenza isimiso sokuphefumula esingaqondakali sibe nengqondo futhi sithakazelise;
- ** Ukukhuthazwa Kwempilo Yomphakathi **: Ezingxoxweni zezempilo zomphakathi kanye nasezindlini zombukiso zesayensi yesibhedlela, kusetshenziswa amamodeli ukuchaza imbangela yesifo “sesifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona kanye ne-pneumonia”, okusiza umphakathi ukuqonda umongo wezifo nokuthuthukisa ukuqwashisa kwawo ngokuvikelwa kwezempilo.
(3) Ukuqeqeshwa Kwezokwelapha: Ukusiza ekuqondeni izifo zokuphefumula
- ** Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabahlengikazi/Abahlengikazi Bokuvuselela **: Ngokubheka imodeli, qonda ukuthi “imithi yokwelapha nge-nebulization ifinyelela kanjani ku-alveoli” kanye nokuthi “indlela yokwelapha ngokomzimba esifubeni ekhuthaza ngayo ukuphefumula kwe-alveolar”, futhi uthuthukise imisebenzi yokunakekela nokuvuselela;
- ** Imfundo Yesiguli **: Odokotela bangabonisa ngokubonakalayo "izinguquko zesakhiwo ngemva kokulimala kwe-alveolar" ezigulini ezinesifo esingamahlalakhona sokuphazamiseka kwamaphaphu kanye ne-pulmonary fibrosis, basize ekuchazeni izinhlelo zokwelapha (njengokuqeqeshwa kokuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu kanye nezinhloso zemithi), futhi bathuthukise ukuthobela kwesiguli.
Ezintathu, umklamo wekhwalithi ephezulu, ohlala isikhathi eside futhi ongokoqobo
Yenziwe ngezinto ze-*** ze-PVC ezinobungani nemvelo **, inesakhiwo esizinzile, ukukhiqizwa kwemibala ephezulu, futhi ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuguquka. Umklamo wesisekelo uqinisekisa ukuthi imodeli ingafakwa kahle, okwenza kube lula ukubuka nokuchazwa kwama-engeli amaningi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imiboniso yokufundisa evame kakhulu noma imibukiso yokubonisa yesikhathi eside, ingadlulisela ulwazi ngokunembile futhi ibe "usizo lokufundisa oluhlala njalo" lokufunda nge-physiology yokuphefumula.
Kusukela emakilasini emfundiso yabafundi bezokwelapha kuya ekusakazeni isayensi yezempilo yomphakathi, le modeli ye-alveolar anatomy, "enombono wayo we-microscopic" oqondakala kalula, yenza ulwazi lokuphefumula lungasabonakali!
Okuqukethwe kokufundisa:
1. Ingxenye enqamulelayo yama-bronchioles angena-cartilage;
2. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwama-bronchioles abulalayo kanye ne-alveoli;
3. Isakhiwo semibhobho ye-alveolar kanye nezikhwama ze-alveolar;
4. Inethiwekhi yama-capillary equkethwe ezingxenyeni eziphakathi kwe-alveoli.
Yenziwe nge-PVC futhi yabekwa esisekelweni sepulasitiki. Ubukhulu: 26x15x35CM.
Ukupakisha: 81x41x29CM, izingcezu ezi-4 ngebhokisi, 8KG
